Test 3 MT
Who were the Copperheads?
"Peace Democrats" who demanded a truce with the Confederacy.
By 1865, African-Americans constituted about what percentage of the Union army?
10 percent
Approximately how many migrants settled in Oregon via the overland route between 1840 and 1848?
11,500
At the Battle of Shiloh in southern Tennessee in early April 1862
23,000 out of 77,000 men were killed or wounded.
Gold-rushers swelled California' population from 15,000 in the summer of 1848 to ________ by 1852
250,000
The total death toll of the Civil War was approximately
620,000
The North controlled as much as ________ of all U.S. industrial capacity.
90 percent
What was the "Mississippi plan"?
A practice of Democratic clubs in Mississippi to arm their members and intimidate black Republican voters
What was the key improvement with the introduction of the rifle?
Accuracy over a far larger range than muskets
Which of the following is true of the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871?
Although thousands were arrested, most terrorists escaped conviction.
Which of the following was not one of the differences between farming in Europe and in the United States?
American farmers had access to steel plows that were unknown in Europe
Which of the following was a reason why Mexico forbade further American immigration into the northern province of Texas?
Americans brought slaves with them whereas slavery had been abolished in Mexico
What woman became a key campaign asset for the Republican Party as a result of her work as a hospital volunteer?
Anna E. Dickinson
What did President John Tyler pursue in an attempt to win the election of 1844?
Annexation of Texas
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in the same month as which major battle?
Antietam
Which of the following statements is correct?
Both the Union and the Confederacy printed unbacked paper money to help finance their war efforts.
Which of the following politicians was sentenced to jail by a military commission and banished from the country?
Clement L. Vallandigham
How did immigrants to California and Oregon respond to the challenge of the overland trek to the West?
Close cooperation in wagon trains
What Massachusetts case ruled that labor unions were not illegal monopolies?
Commonwealth v. Hunt
The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when
Confederate batteries bombarded Fort Sumter after news that it would receive reinforcements
The Ostend Manifesto pertained to
Cuba
Why did emancipation become a bigger part of the Union strategy?
Demands for "total war" required the emancipation of slaves to cripple the South
Which party split into two in the presidential election of 1860?
Democrats
Why did the Confederacy adopt a policy of impressing food from civilians?
Despite government pleas to grow food, planters continued to grow cotton.
What was Sherman's strategy as he moved from Atlanta to Savannah?
Destruction of anything that could allow southern resistance
Which of the following was a method used to resist the Fugitive Slave Act?
Dragging out legal proceedings to raise the expenses of slavecatchers
According to Chief Justice Taney, which constitutional amendment did the Missouri Compromise violate?
Fifth Amendment
In how many states were the majority of voters black during Reconstruction?
Five
The slaughterhouse cases curtailed which constitutional amendment?
Fourteenth Amendment
Who was the Democratic nominee for president in 1852?
Franklin Pierce
Who asked in 1876, "Do you mean to make good to us the promises in your Constitution?"
Frederick Douglass
What organization was established to assist former slaves?
Freedman's Bureau
Which of the following was not a significant migration pattern in the former Confederacy?
Freedmen moved to the North
Which of the following Republicans was not known as one of the Radicals?
George B. McClellan
Which of the following was characteristic of German immigration to the United States?
German immigrants came from a wide variety of social classes and occupations.
German and Irish immigrants were unlikely constituents of the Whig party for all of the following reasons, except
Germans were suspicious of the Whigs' anti-aristocratic coloration
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Which of the following statements about Andrew Johnson is incorrect?
He cared deeply about obtaining just treatment for the freedmen
Which of the following statements about President Polk's actions is incorrect?
He ordered Zachary Taylor to keep his troops north of the Nueces River to avoid a confrontation with Mexico
Which of the following is true about President James K. Polk?
He was single-mindedly focused on western expansion.
Which of the following was a success President Ulysses S. Grant enjoyed during his two terms in office?
His administration engineered the settlement of the Alabama claims with Britain
The two biggest sources of immigration to the United States between 1840 and 1860 were
Ireland and the German states
Which of the following is true about the Panic of 1873?
It caused the bankruptcy of approximately 18,000 businesses.
What was a weakness of the Fifteenth Amendment?
It did not prohibit voting restrictions such as literacy tests.
What happened to California's population between 1848 and 1852?
It increased from approximately 15,000 to almost 250,000
Which of the following best describes the effect of the Civil War on the northern economy?
It spurred economic modernization and allowed for industrialization.
What was the significance of the Slaughterhouse case in the Supreme Court in 1873?
It undermined the Fourteenth Amendment to secure freedmen's rights against state encroachment
Why did some freedmen prefer sharecropping to wage labor?
It was a step toward independence and tended to be more profitable.
Expansion appealed to Americans for all of the following reasons, except
It would broaden ethnic diversity
Which of the following statements about the Compromise of 1850 is correct?
Its passage was helped by Stephen Douglas's strategy of breaking up Clay's Omnibus bill into separate measures.
Which of the following was a presidential candidate in 1844 advocating immediate annexation of Texas?
James K. Polk
Which of the following characterized the vote in the election of 1844?
James K. Polk won with a large majority of electoral votes, but the popular vote margin was extremely narrow.
All of the following were corruption scandals linked to the Grant Administration except
Jay Gould's and Jim Fisk's cornering of the gold market.
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
The adventurer who attempted to lead a California rebellion against Mexico and later became a force in national politics
John C. Frémont
The expansionist phrase manifest destiny was first coined by
John L. O'Sullivan
According to many historians, what two policies could have made Reconstruction a success?
Land reform and military force to back congressional actions
What faction promoted civil service reform and free trade?
Liberal Republicans
The secession of southern states began immediately after
Lincoln's election
The Democratic candidate for President in the 1876 election, Samuel J. Tilden, came from the state of
Maine.
What did expansionists call the mission to expand the United States' territory?
Manifest destiny
Which of the following was a major problem in the Grant administration?
Many administration officials were caught in scandals.
Which of the following states abolished slavery by the end of the Civil War?
Maryland
In what state did the Know-Nothing party have a near sweep of all elected offices in 1854?
Massachusetts
The principal medium exchange in Missouri in the 1830s was
Mexican silver pesos
Which of the following is true about the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
Mexico ceded California, New Mexico, and Texas to the United States.
How many men served in the Union and Confederate Armies in the Civil War?
More than 2 million in the Union Army; 800,000 in the Confederate Army
What piece of legislation supported major universities such as Purdue and Iowa State?
Morrill Land Grant Act
Which of the following best describes Southern thoughts on secession prior to 1860?
Most southerners only gradually reached the conclusion that the South should be autonomous
What did the Mexican government claim was the southern boundary of Texas?
Nueces River
How did the Mexican government attract American settlers in the 1820s?
Offering large land grants to empresarios who recruited American settlers
On what issue were the Republicans united?
Opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
What was Secretary of State Seward's proposed strategy to reunify the nation?
Provoke a war with France and Spain
Which of the following was almost nonexistent in the South prior to reconstruction?
Public school systems
What were the Republicans who supported black suffrage called?
Radical Republicans
Who responded to news of John Brown's execution for his attempted raid at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859 that it would "make the gallows as glorious as the cross"?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The head of the Texan rebel army that defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto in 1836 was
Sam Houston
What was the term for white southerners who supported the Republicans?
Scalawags
What group did Senator Stephen A. Douglas appeal to?
Small farmers
Which of the following is true of black officeholders in the South during reconstruction?
Some black officeholders had been former slave owners
Federal troops were taken out of which two states as part of the Compromise of 1877?
South Carolina and Louisiana
"Exodusters" were
Southern blacks who migrated to Kansas to homestead in the 1870s
Which of the following did not happen during redemption in the South?
Southern governments declared the nullification of the fifteenth amendment.
What was the Republican economic program in the election of 1860?
Support for a protective tariff, federal aid for internal improvements, and homestead grants
Which of these women was indicted, convicted, and fined for going to the polls and voting and urging other women to do the same in the election of 1872?
Susan B. Anthony
Which of the following states was NOT initially part of the Confederate States of America?
Tennessee
What territories were ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo?
Texas, California, and New Mexico
Which of the following was not considered evidence of an aggressive "slaveocracy" by Northerners in 1856?
The Dred Scott decision of the United States Supreme Court
What helped the Republican Party broaden their appeal in the presidential election of 1860 as compared to that of 1856?
The Panic of 1857
Why did the South believe that Britain would be an ally?
The South was the largest supplier of Cotton to Britain.
What was President Andrew Johnson's core political goal?
The destruction of the planter aristocracy
What was the result of the Legal Tender Act?
The issuance of $150 million in "greenbacks"
Which is the most valid statement describing the Republican party position in the election of 1860?
There should be no further extension of slavery into the territories
What happened to urban black populations after Emancipation?
They doubled and tripled in some cases.
How did the reconstruction laws of 1867-1868 transform the southern electorate?
They enfranchised more than 700,000 freed slaves
What was the effect of the Civil War on northern railroad industries?
They flourished and profited greatly.
How did sharecropping and the crop-lien system impact southern agriculture?
They limited the region to staple production of cash crops rather than crop rotation.
How did union officials bolster public confidence in greenbacks and thereby stabilize their value?
They made the greenbacks a legal tender.
What united the Democratic Party after 1872?
They united behind the goal of ousting Republicans from office
Why did President Lincoln furlough soldiers in the fall of 1864?
To allow them to cast ballots in their home states
Why did 1.8 million Irish migrate to the United States between 1845 and 1855?
To escape famine
What was John Brown's objective in the raid on Harper's Ferry?
To inspire an armed slave rebellion
What was the goal of popular sovereignty?
To remove slavery from national politics
Even though Whigs gained the presidency and both houses of Congress in 1840, most of the party's legislative ideas failed to become law. Why?
Whig president William Henry Harrison died after a month in office and was replaced by John Tyler, a states-rights Democrat at heart
Which of the following statements about women in the Civil War is correct?
Women replaced draftees in many of the industrial jobs in the North.
The Lecompton constitution would have provided
a proslavery government for Kansas
What did the South gain from the Compromise of 1850?
a stronger fugitive slave law
Squatter or popular sovereignty meant
allowing residents of a territory to decide whether to permit slavery there
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
attempted to allow popular sovereignty in newly organizing territories.
The passage of the Impressment Act by the Confederate Congress in 1863
authorized army officers to take food from reluctant farmers at prescribed prices.
The Dred Scott decision declared that Congress could not
bar slavery in the territories
Late in 1865, Congress authorized the Freedmen's Bureau to do all of the following, except
build churches
The Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that
civilians could not be tried by military tribunals when the civil courts were open.
At Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in 1864
confederate troops massacred 262 blacks.
The sharecropping and crop-lien systems that developed in the post-Civil War South
contributed to soil depletion, agricultural backwardness, and southern poverty.
The Republican Reconstruction governments of the South
created public-school systems, built and repaired roads and bridges, and opened institutions to care for orphans and the disabled
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas debated each other
during their race for the United State Senate in Illinois.
The majority of European immigrants to the United States were driven by the promise of
economic betterment
Presidios were
forts constructed by the Spanish to protect their missions in the Southwest
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
freed the slaves in areas in rebellion against the U.S. government
The fall of Atlanta in September 1864
gave Lincoln's reelection campaign an all-important boost.
The Morrill Act of 1862
gave states proceeds from public land sales to establish agricultural and mechanical colleges.
The Senate rejected the treaty annexing Texas that was drawn up by Secretary of State John Calhoun because
he defended annexation as a way to protect and defend slavery.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin
inspired a host of southerners to pen anti- Uncle Tom novels
Confederate success on the high seas
involved wooden, steam-driven raiders wreaking havoc on the Union's merchant marine.
Union capture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson was strategically important because
it gave the North control over the whole Mississippi River.
In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842), the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that
labor unions were not necessarily illegal combinations or monopolies.
Stephen Douglas's Freeport Doctrine
pointed out how settlers could exclude slavery from a territory despite the Dred Scott decision
The Wilmot Proviso called for
prohibiting slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
Slaves during the Civil War
ran to Union lines when they could and worked for or fought for the North.
Inaugurated as the president of the Confederacy in February 1861, Jefferson Davis
remained in the Senate two weeks after his own state of Mississippi had seceded
The Crittenden compromise included all of the following except
resumption of the international slave trade
In the Republican Reconstruction governments of the South, the group that held the most political offices consisted of
scalawags.
Andrew Johnson was impeached but not convicted because
seven Republicans, fearing that removal of the president would upset the balance of power among the three branches of government, voted "not guilty" with the Democrats.
The Burns incident in Boston in 1854
shattered the complacency of conservative supporters of the Compromise of 1850
President James K. Polk succeeded at acquiring most of the Oregon Territory for the United States by
simply announcing a termination to the joint occupation, forcing Britain to choose.
Free-soilers disagreed on many issues but were united in their belief that
slavery impeded whites' progress.
Which of the following was the least important goal for African American freedmen in the Reconstruction South?
social equality
Personal-liberty laws were
state laws aimed at hampering enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act.
At the time of Reconstruction, the term "liberal" among Republicans meant
support for economic doctrines such as free trade and the gold standard.
Which of the following Union military objectives proved the hardest and took the longest to accomplish?
taking Richmond
When casualties mounted in the early years of the Civil War,
the Confederacy had to enact the first conscription law in American history.
Which of the following was not a central institution for freedmen during Reconstruction?
the Democratic Party
The Order of the Star-Spangled Banner was the birthplace of
the Know Nothings
In 1827, the United States and Great Britain revived an earlier agreement for the joint occupation of
the Oregon Territory.
Which of the following was not a German institution that bound immigrants together?
the Republican party
The fate of the Donner party best illustrates
the hazards faced by pioneers traveling west on the Overland Trail.
Stephen A. Douglas broke with President James Buchanan in 1857 over
the president's endorsement of the Lecompton constitution
Which of the following was not one of the new weapons first used during the Civil War?
the tank.
What did the antislavery Whig William Seward mean to evoke when he spoke of a "higher law than the Constitution"?
the will of God
Lincoln's plan of reconstruction
was intended to gain the support of southern Unionists and attract them to a southern Republican party
At the first battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) on July 21, 1861,
well-dressed Washington dignitaries witnessed the battle.
By 1880,
white sharecroppers outnumbered black ones
Andrew Johnson was nominated as Lincoln's running mate in 1864 to
win the votes of prowar northern Democrats.
