Test 3
Which of the following groups is capable of regulation gene expression? A) -CH3 B) -NH2 C) -OH D) -COOH E) CH3O
A
Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) -COOH B) -SH C) -C=O D) -OH E) -NH2
A
Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds B) Hydrocarbons only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms C) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures D) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single and double bonds E) Hydrocarbons are composed of a linked chain of carbon atoms, called a carbon skeleton
A
Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? A) Triglycerides are part of a signal pathway B) Triglycerides are hydrophobic C) Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol D) Triglycerides are a type of fat E) Triglycerides play a role in energy storage
A
An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
Adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules
Organic compounds
Always contain carbon
A glucose molecule is to starch as _____ are to proteins.
Amino acids
Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein
An alpha helix
Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE? A) they increase the rate of chemical reactions B) they are monomers used to build proteins C) they function as chemical catalysts D) they regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell E) they are produced by cells
B
Which of the following statements about the functional group of organic compounds is false? A) Functional groups help make organic compounds soluble in water B) all functional groups include a carbo atom of the organic compound's C) functional groups help make organic compounds hydrophilic D) many biological molecules have two or more functional groups E) functional groups participate in chemical reactions
B
Which of the following would correctly classified as a protein? A) Cholesterol B) enzymes C) starch D) cellulose E) liposaccharide
B
Your the manager of a factory that produces enzyme washed blue jeans (the enzymes lighten the color of the denim, giving "faded" appearance). When the most recent batch of fabric came out of the enzyme wash, however, the color wasn't light enough to meet your standards. Your quality control laboratory what's to do some tests to determine why the wash enzymes didn't preform as expected. Which hypothesis is most likely to be productive for their initial investigation? A) the dye in the fabric may have hydrolyzed the fatty acids in the enzymes B) there may not have been enough phospholipids for the volume of fabric C) the nucleotide chain of the enzymes may be incorrectly formed D) the three-dimensional structure of the proteins may have been altered E) the polysaccharides in the enzymes may have separated in the wash water
B
The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of what
CH2O
Which list below consists of only polymers? A) polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids B) proteins, lipids , nucleotides, sugars C) sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids D) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides E) proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids
D
Which of the following consists of only polysaccharides? A) nucleotides, glycogen, and cellulose B) fructose, cellulose, and glucose C) sucrose, starch, and cellulose D) cellulose, starch, and glycogen E) starch, amino acids, and glycogen
D
Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer
DNA, nucleotides
Lactose intolerance in the inability to
Digest lactose
Which of he following substances is a lipid? A) steroids B) enzymes C) DNA D) glucose E) cellulose
E
Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) Electrons are shared between atoms of the joined monomers B) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group C) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined D) covalent bonds are formed as the monomers are joined E) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food
E
Proteins cannot be denatured by
Freezing
What organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?
Fungi and insects
The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
Hydrolysis
A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.
Tertiary
[Glucose and fructose] are two molecules that are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?
The location of a double-bonded oxygen atom
Cellulose differs from starch in that
The monomers of cellulose are held together by covalent bonds, whereas the monomers of starch are held together by hydrogen bonds
Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have
The same molecular formula, but different chemical properties
What is the general function of enzymes within a cell.
To speed up chemical reactions
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
Unsaturated
You now know that old cliché "oil and water dont mix" is true. Why?
Water exhibits polarity and old does not
Sucrose is formed
from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
glycogen...starch
Fatty acids are
hydrophobic
Peptide bonds
link amino acids
A phospholipid is composed of
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a(n)
polysaccharide
Genetic information is encoded in the
sequence of nucleotides in DNA
The primary structure of a protein is
the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
the chemical properties of their R groups
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to
the overall three-dimensional structure
Proteins differ from one another because
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains differ from protein to protein
A disaccharide forms when
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis
What is an amino group?
-NH2
Many names for sugars end in the suffix
-ose
Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false? A) They chemically resemble testosterone B) they cause a general buildup of muscle mass C) they promote bone growth D) they can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior E) they often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones
C
Which of the following statements about monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A) the monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal B) cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other gradients that are rare C) monomers are joined together by a process of hydrolysis D) DNA is built from just four kinds of monomers E) monomers serve as building blocks for polymers
C
Which of the following statements regarding carbon is FALSE? A) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to four other atoms B) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds C) Carbon has the capacity to form polar bonds with hydrogen D) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons" E) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds
C
Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false? A) an A helix or a pleated sheet B) composed of irregular folds C) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain D) composed of two or more polypeptide chains E) maintained by hydrogen bonds
C
Because water and oil don't mix, water is not very effective at washing away oily dirt. The ability of soap to mix with both water and oily dirt allows dirt to be washed away. Which statement provides the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?
Soap molecules have charged regions and neutral regions; the charged regions are attracted to water molecules; the neutral regions are attracted to oils.
A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
Phospholipids
Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived form
Plants