Test 4

Which of the following best describes the lacrimal duct?

A structure located in the medial corner of the eye that receives tears and ends in the nasal cavity

A malfunction in which of the following adrenergic receptor subtypes would result in low blood sugar levels?

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

You went to the dermatologist because you noticed that the palms of your hands seemed damp or sweaty most of the day and this symptom has been lasting for about a week. Which of the following glands is most likely responsible for this symptom?

Eccrine sweat glands

Which nerve is part of the parasympathetic NS and controls the salivary, mucus, and tear glands?

Facial (CN VII)

Sour taste is the perception of ______ concentration

H+

Which of the following is the deepest structure of the hair follicle?

Hair bulb

A patient came into your clinic with a noticeable dark spot on the shoulder that has increased in size with an odd shape over the course of a month. In addition, the patient complained about increased level of fatigue and decreased appetite. After an evaluation, it was determined that the patient has skin cancer that has spread to other organs. Based on these symptoms and characteristics, what is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

Melanoma

Which of the following receptors are considered cholinergic receptors?

Nicotinic receptors

Pain medications work to relieve pain. Which of the following sensory receptors are targets for pain medications?

Nociceptors

A patient in the emergency room (ER) had an injury to the eye that affected bright light vision. Which of the following sensory receptors was most likely affected?

Photoreceptors

Which of the following epidermal layers is lost after you complete your morning routine for the day? Assume that your morning routine includes bathing, putting on lotion, and putting clothes on.

Stratum Corneum

Eleidin is a clear protein derived from keratohyalin. Which epidermal layer would you find eleidin in?

Stratum Lucidum

In impoverished countries, many children have Rickets. Rickets is a disease characterized by misshapen bones due to lack of calcium and not getting much _________ from UV radiation from the sun to help absorb the calcium

Vitamin D

While removing a cookie sheet from the oven, a baker accidentally touches the side of their hand to the oven rack. Immediately, they drop the cookie sheet as they pull their hand away from the oven. What type of reflex was triggered in this incident?

Withdrawal reflex

A condition that usually presents itself during puberty is ______. It is due to an increase in hormone secretion and an overproduction of sebum that blocks the hair follicle resulting in inflammation.

acne

A decrease in heart rate after a frightful experience would be the responsibility of which of the following pathways?

cardiac plexus of the parasympathetic pathway

The __________ is responsible for controlling pupillary size by altering the muscle of the iris

ciliary ganglion

The area of highest visual activity has a high level of which photoreceptors that specialized in high light?

cones

Stressful events result in the release of ________ into the blood and an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity to promote homeostasis

cortisol

Which of the following refers to a reflex that is activated on the left side of the body in response to a painful stimulus on the right side of the body?

crossed-extensor reflex

What are the fingerlike projections responsible for fingerprints?

dermal papillae

Damage to the cochlea would result in which of the following?

difficulty or loss of hearing

You work in a hospital as a certified nurse assistant. Among other duties, you are responsible for turning patients every two hours to prevent bedsores. Bedsores are also known as pressure ulcers which are the results of constant pressure on the skin that can create open sores. Which layer of the skin is most effected by bed sores?

epidermis

Which of the following autonomic plexuses is responsible for altering muscular contractions of the esophagus?

esophageal plexus

A stretch reflex does which of the following?

helps to maintain muscles at a constant length

On a recent bike ride you rode over a loose rock and your bike turned quickly which made you fall off. Luckily, you only scraped your hand. However, two weeks after the injury you notice that the skin surrounding your wound healed but felt raised compared to the tissue around it. The raised skin is referred to as a(n) _____________.

keloid

What is the special protection protein found in the epidermis?

keratin

Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division are typically ______ than the preganglionic fibers

longer

In which of the following scenarios would activate the parasympathetic nervous system?

lying on your couch watching a move

Which of the following receptor types are in all target tissues of the parasympathetic nervous system?

muscarinic receptors

The _________ is the region of the nail responsible for continuous nail growth

nail root

The adrenal medulla is responsible for the release of ____________

norepinephrine

The preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic division are formed by which of the following structures?

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Which of the following is most abundant in a hair bulb that gives an individual with red hair that color?

pheomelanin

Which of the following is a part of the posterior chamber in the eye?

retina

A _______ results in damage to the epidermis and some of the dermis

second-degree burn

A patient has been experiencing some dizziness and feels like the room is spinning. Th symptoms are likely due to a problem with which of the following structures in the ear?

semicircular canals

Which of the following refers to a general reflex where the motor response is carried out by skeletal muscle?

somatic reflex

Which of the following physiological functions is regulated only by the sympathetic nervous system?

sweating

Which of the following describes the ganglia that runs alongside the vertebral column?

sympathetic chain ganglia

Which of the following touch receptors are most likely to respond to light touch?

tactile corpuscles

Which of the following best describes dual innervation?

the ability to receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

What is gustation?

the sense of taste

Which of these, ___________ is the conversion of one form of energy into another?

transduction

Where are taste buds found?

within papillae