test 4 quiz questions

For Jung, a preoccupation with an idea that influences behavior is evidence of ____.

A complex

A notion that form is a property of objects is

A definition of "gestalt"

Rogers called the unconditional love of a mother for her infant ____

A positive regard

In the Gestalt view, learning entails

A restructuring of the psychological environment

Child guidance clinics in the vienna school system were established by

Adler

During his Clark University lecture, Freud proposed that psychic traumas are ___.

Affect-laden events

Freud's position on reductionism was that ____,

All phenomena can be reduced to the principles of physics

Freud's early research was in ____.​

Biology and physiology

The primary method of psychoanalysis was _____.

Clinical observation

According to Jung, in our ____, we retain experiences of our ancestors, animal, and human

Collective unconscious

Roger's clinical experience during the time he was developing his theory was with _____.

College students

For the school of Gestalt psychology, "form" was

Creation of the mind

Freud found that the free association method

DId not always operate freely because of resistance

Freud's interest in a scientific strategy to acquiring knowledge has been attributed to his reading _____

Darwin

The Gestalt principles of organization --

Depend on higher mental processes

Freud's overriding goal was to ____.

Describe and explain the dynamics of human behavior

n the material presented at Clark University, Freud said that while hypnotized, Anna O. ____

Described the mental images that controlled her thoughts

The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ____.

Developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime

The essential difference between those who are classified as dissenters and those who are classified as carrying on in the Freudian tradition is that the dissenters ______

Developed their own theories during Freud's lifetime

Maslow _____ with the criticism that his research ______

Disagreed; lacked scientific vigor

The person who most strongly influenced humane reforms for the mentally ill int he United States was _____

Dix

The Gestalt psychologists argues that reduction to the elements of experience

Do not and cannot explain perception Are products of abstraction Are products of reflection Are remote from immediate experience

The spontaneous understanding of the phenomenon is called

Einsicht

The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his

Elementarism

The psychic approach to mental illness was encouraged in the U.S. by ___.

Emmanuel Church Healing Movement

Breuer's fame was ____.

Established by his discovery of the functioning of the semicircular canals

The analogy that the mind is like an iceberg, with its bulk hidden from view (unconscious), is attributed to ______.

Fechner

The notion of the pleasure principle was borrowed by Freud from ______.

Fechner

Concurrent with the rise of Gestalt psychology, the Zeitgeist in physics was embracing ____.

Field theory

Like Jung but unlike Freud, Adler thought that _____ could influence present behavior

Future goals

Which of the following statements indicated how Gestalt psychology and behaviorism treat the study of consciousness

Gestalt psychology accepted the study of consciousness but criticized the attempt to analyze it into elements. Behaviorism refused to acknowledge the existence of consciousness

Which of the following statements indicated how Gestalt psychology and behaviorism treated the study of consciousness

Gestalt psychology accepted the study of consciousness but criticized the attempt to analyze it into elements. Behaviorism refused to acknowledge the existence of consciousness

The most outstanding feature of Lewin's social psychology is

Group Dynamic

Franz Anton Mesmer contributed to which of the following?

He believed he was curing mental and physical illness by using magnetism

How did Wertheimer explain the phi phenomenon

He did not; he said it did not need explanation

The concept of threshold of consciousness is attributed to

Herbart

In general, the designation "third force" applies to ____.

Humanistic psychology

Charcot and Janet had practiced ____ prior to Freud's work on the same idea

Hypnosis

According to Freud, the biological, need-related part of everyone's personality is the _____.

Id

For Mach, sensations are

Independent of the elements of which they are composed

Which of the following topics had already been discussed before Freud?

Infantile sexuality, libido, catharsis, the importance of dreams (all are correct)

As he himself acknowledged, adler's childhood experiences are a direct reflection of his concept of _____

Inferiority

Freud argued that whether an event happened in childhood ____.

Is less important than the patient's belief that it occurred

It is known that before an eye movement or a finger movement occurs, it is possible to record altered activity in a specific cerebral cortex area. The Gestaltists would argue that this is support for the principle of ____.

Isomorphism

The Gestalt psychologists maintained that a correspondence called ____ exists between perceptual activity and brain activity

Isomorphism

The Gestalt psychologists maintained that as correspondence called _____ exists between perceptual activity and brain activity.

Isomorphism

Which of the following appears to have interfered with humanistic psychology's becoming part of the mainstream of psychological thought

Its adherents were in private practice, not training graduate students, and were less likely to engage in systematic research and publication

Who was the first to argue that hysteria did not have a physical basis?

Janet

Freud selected Jung to be the first president of the International Psychoanalytic Association because ____

Jung was not Jewish

The essences of the Gestalt system is found in the work of the philosopher

Kant

The analyst ______ broke with Freud over his claim that women feel inferior to men.

Karen Horney

The connection between certain aspects of Gestalt psychology and principles and terms of physics reflects

Kohler training in physics

Freud proposed that neurotic behavior did not develop in persons who ___.

Led a normal sex life

The term field theory was applied to whose system?

Lewin's

In common with functionalism and behaviorism, psychoanalysis bears the influences of ____.

Mechanism determinism fechner's work darwins theory

The spirit of mechanism in relation to the treatment of mental illness portrayed mentally ill persons as ____.

Merely needing to be repaired

Klein suggested that the _____ is the first part-object for the child

Mother's breast

From the Gestalt persepctive, insight requires that one

Perceive the relationship between the components of the problem or issue

From the Gestalt perspective, insight requires that one

Percieve the relationship between the components of the problem or issue

The attitude toward sex in the Vienna of the Victorian era was _____.

Permissive and open

Roger's approach is ____

Person-centered

The humanistic theme that psychologists should study the best as well as the worst of human characteristics was reinstated by ____.

Positive psychology

A component of the Zeitgeist at the beginning of the 20th century that influenced some dissenters within psychoanalysis was the _______

Recognition of the influence of social forces

The response of scientific psychology to psychoanalysis by the 1950s and 1960s was to ____.

Reframe Freud's concepts in behavioral terms

_____ is the process of forcefully ejecting or excluding from consciousness any unacceptable ideas, memories, and desires.

Regression

Kohler argued that solving a problem requires

Restructuring of the perceptual field

The major difference between positive psychology and both humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis is that positive psychologists tend to use ____ while the other two approaches tend to use _____

Rigorous experimental methods; subjective case histories

The most animalistic aspect of one's personality, according to Jung is the

Shadow

For Klein, the adult personality is rooted in the nature of the mother-child relationship in the first _____ of life.

Six months

Freud's view of instincts is that they are ______.

Sources of stimulation and motivation within the body

An early test of Lewin's tension theory was done by Zeigarnik who discovered that humans

Ten to remember unfinished tasks better than finished ones

According to Freud, the "third shock" to the collective human ego was the realization ____.​

That humans are not the rational commanders of their lives

Freud's major work is considered to be ____.​

The Interpretation of Dreams

Psychoanalysis was eradicated in Germany by

The Nazi party

"Apparent Movement" is another term for

The Phi Phenomenon

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of

The Zeigarnik effect

The basic human motivation in Roger's system is ____.

The drive to actualize the self

The basic human motivation in Rogers's system is _______

The drive to actualize the self

Jung proposed that personality is shaped by ____

The past experiences which occur throughout one's life One's goals, expectations and ambitions childhood experiences

The construct of the life space describes

The person's psychological field

"A new movement requires something to revolt against" Freud opposed the current trends in ______

The treatment of mental disorders

A topic addressed by psychoanalysis and essentially ignored by the other schools of psychology was ____.​

The unconscious

Freud's self-analysis was precipitated by ____.

The worsening of his own neurotic symptoms

Gestalt psychologists believed that

There is more to perception than meets the eye

Kohler's research on tenerif

Was analyzed based soley on his descriptions of incidents

_______ was the spokesman for the Gestalt movement who studied the thinking processes of chimpanzees, left Germany because of this anti-Nazi activities, came to the United States, and eventually became president of the American Psychological Association.

Wolfgang Kohler

kohler reported that he was shocked by

Wudnt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms

Kohler reported that he was "shocked" by

Wundt's notion that psychological facts are composed of inert atoms

In Germany, the Gestalt protest of Wundt's system was

considered to be heresy

Anna Frued's pioneering work was

on child analysis

The observation that an undone task is remembered until completed is an illustration of ____.

the Zeigarnik effect

Wertheimer defined "peripheral factors" as ____.

the organizing principles present in the stimuli

Maslow's notion of self-actualization was partially based on ____.

the personal characteristics of Max Wertheimer

One of Adler's criticisms of pychoanalysis was of its focus on

unconscious determinants of behavior sexual factors in personality biological instincts

Kohler argued that trial-and-error learning

was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation

For Wertheimer, rote memorization and/or rote learning ____.

was inefficient compared to insight learning

A major theme of Freud's system, borrowed from Darwin, was the ____.​

importance of the sex drive throughout life

Jung proposed that libido

is a generalized life force

Frued wanted _______ to take over psychoanalytic school

jung

The consequence of conditional positive regard is ____.

learning that some behaviors will bring rejection