Test Chapter 12

Igbo

An ethnic group of Nigeria that lived in the southwest region for thousands of years. Known for metalworking, weaving, and carving.

Ming Dynasty

(1368- 1644) Chinese Dynasty that followed the Mongols. The Ming moved China's capital to Beijing, and ruled for 300 years of peace and prosperity.

Safavid Empire

(1500-1722) Iranian enemy with the Ottomans, defeated in war with the Ottomans, doesn't expand anywhere

Zheng he

1371 to 1433, commanded world's greatest armada and lead seven Naval expeditions in which goal was to trade, collect tribute, and display China's power to the world.

Ottoman Empire

A Muslim empire, based in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), that controlled southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and most of North Africa between the 1500's-1800's

Aztec empire

A Native American civilization that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology. It's capital, Tenochitlán (now the site of Mexico City), was larger than any contemporary European city. Conquered by Cortés, Spanish, in 1520.

Iroquois League of Five Nations

An Alliance formed by five Iroquois tribes- Mohawks, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga- for mutual defense in 1400's, in what is now New York state.

Malacca

East Indies port seized by the Portuguese in 1511. Became major Spice trading port. Allowing Portuguese to move East.

Inca Empire

Largest Empire ever in South America. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535.

Timbuktu

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning.

Timur

Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405)

Mughal Empire

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Songhay Empire

Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu. university town, book trade.

Pochteca

Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.

Paleolithic Persistance

The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance.

European Renaissance

a "rebirth" of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy is the period 1350-1500 and included Greek learning and growing secularism

Seizure of Constantinople (1453)

in 1453, Constantinople, the capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, and event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium.