Test on the chemical bonding unit
How will things bond ionically?
A non-metal bonding with a metal
Polyatomic ion definition
Ions that ate made up of 2 of more atoms chemically bonded together.
How do things bond covalently?
2 non-metals bonding with each other
Describe a covalent bond
A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms which are both non-metals
What is a molecule?
A group of 2 or more atoms bounded together. It is the smallest unit of an atomic substance.
Describe ionic bond
An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom (a metal) to another (a non-metal), creating two oppositely charged ions which bond together.
Ions definition
Atoms or a group of atoms, that are either positively or negatively charged result of the loss of or gain of electrons.
When an element loses 3 electrons, why does it form a 3+ oxidation number?
Because it causes there to be more protons (which is a positive charge) over electrons (which is a negative charge)
When an element gains 2 electrons, why does it form a 2- oxidation number?
Because it makes there more electrons (negative charge) over number of protons (positive charge)
Why do some elements not want to form bonds with anything else?
Because they ate already stable.
Why do elements become positively charged when losing electrons?
Because when they lose electrons, they are losing negatively charged electrons, meaning there are more positively charged protons remaining behind.
How do determine if an atom wants to gain or lose electrons?
By looking at the number of valence electrons. If they have fewer that 4 valence electrons, they want to lose electrons; if they have 5,6, or 7 valence electrons, they want to gain electrons.
what particle(s) in an atom (proton, neutron, or electron) is primarily involved in the bonding processes?
Electrons are the main particle involved in the bonding process- specifically valence electrons.
What does a combination of ions form?
Forms a compound. A compound is a substance that is made from two or more elements.
Ions need to know
If an atom loses electrons, it loses negative charges, so it becomes a positively charged ion.
Polyatomic ion
If an ion is made up of more than one atom it is a polyatomic ion.
Where are subscripts located in a chemical formula?
In H₂0, the 2 is the subscript telling that there are 2 hydrogen atoms
What specifically happens to change an atom into an ion?
In order to become an ion, an atom must gain or lose electrons, thereby obtaining a charge as a result of there being different amounts of protons than electrons. If an atom (which have equal amounts of protons and electrons) loses electrons, there are more protons (+ charged particles) then electrons ( - charged particles), and so a positive ion is formed. If an atom (which have an equal amounts of protons and electrons) gain electrons, there are then more electrons ( - charged particles) then protons ( + charged particles), and so a negative is formed.
Describe the differences in properties of ionic and covalent substances.
Melting points: Ionics tend to be high, and covalents tend to be low. Solubility in water: Ionics dissolve in water, and covalents tend not to be soluble in water. Ability to conduct electricity when dissolved in water: Ionics - yes, and covalents - no
Octet rule definition
States that atoms have a tendency to want to obtain 8 valence electrons
What happens if the atom obtains the octet rule
The atom obtain the electron configuration o f noble gas, and are stable.
What does a subscript tell us?
The number of atoms of the element.
Wilsfords definition of the octet rule
The octet rule is a general rule that states that atoms tend to bond in a manner that results in the atom having 8 electrons in its outermost energy level. This results in the atom having the same electrons configuration as a noble gas.
Why does an ionic bond occur - what is true of the ions that allows them to bond together?
The transfer of electrons creates a positive and negative ion, which are attracted to each other.
If an atom gains electrons in order to become stable, what charge does it obtain and why?
They become negatively charged, because when they gain electrons, they ate gaining negatively charged electrons, meaning there are more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons remaining behind.
What charge to elements obtain when losing their electrons?
They become positively charged.
Ionic bonding defintion
When atoms of element transfer electrons to the atoms of another element.. This forms positive and negative ions, which are attracted due to their opposite charges. An ionic bond is classified as a bond between a metal and a non metal.
When do elements want to lose electrons?
When they have 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons.