Test Review-Cells and Organelles-Mastering Biology Questions
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
Golgi Body.
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.
Transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
The DNA-containing region is represented by the letter..
D
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus? The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. _____ are the sites of protein synthesis. Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane? The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. Where is calcium stored? Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products? Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? _____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
1) C 2) Mitochondria 3) E 4) Chromatin 5) Nucleolus 6)Ribosomes 7) Rough ER 8) Plasma Membrane 9) Smooth ER 10) A 11) Microtubules 12) Basal Bodies 13) Peroxisome 14) D
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
An endoplasmic reticulum.
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
C
Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table: Volume Surface Area Cell 1 9.3 µm3 26.5 µm2 Cell 2 12.2 µm3 37.1 µm2 Cell 3 17.6 µm3 40.6 µm2 Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?
Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.
What is the name given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterium cell?
Cell Wall.
A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle?
Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm.
All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes in the cell. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytosol, while others are bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Most proteins made by free ribosomes function in the cytosol. Proteins made by bound ribosomes either function within the endomembrane system or pass through it and are secreted from the cell. Which of the following proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes? Select all that apply.
ER protein insulin lysosomal enzyme
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?
ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
___are appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae.
A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its
Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
Lysosome.
Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?
Microtubules and motor proteins.
Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the
Mitochondria.
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria.
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria.
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
Nearly any eukaryotic organism.
Where is a bacterium's DNA found?
Nucleoid Region.
Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
Phagocytic white blood cell.
Data table with data from a pulse-chase experiment Based on these data, what is the most likely function of the cells in this experiment?
Phagocytosis.
Mitochondria are found in
Plant and animal cells.
The ___ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave.
Plasma Membrane.
What is the function of bacterium's capsule?
Protection.
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the path a secretory protein follows from synthesis to secretion.
Protein synthesis-endoplasmic reticulum-cis Golgi cisternae-medial Golgi cisternae-trans cisternae-plasma membrane-extracellular space
Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?
Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
Proteins.
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
Ribosomes.
Drag each function to the appropriate bin.
Smooth ER: lipid synthesis, poison detoxification, calcium ion storage Rough ER: protein synthesis Golgi body: Protein modification and sorting, cisternal maturation Lysosome: macromolecule digestion, autophagy
Choose the best description of the cell cytoskeleton.
The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?
The lysosome.
Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
Vacuole.
