TEST UNIT 4

(question with global circulation diagram)-- which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram?

solar radiation

(c)(i) identify a dependent variable in the study

the amount of rainfall or change in the sea surface temperature over a six-month period

(question about soil erosion from new housing development)-- which of the following is the dependent variable in the study?

the density of a species of algae growing along the bottom of the river

(soil levels diagram)-- which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A

at which of the following sites does seafloor spreading result in rifts and possible volcanoes?

A

area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B

at which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains

B

area that exhibits a growing non-volcanic mountain chain due to uplift

C

at which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?

C

which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on december 21?

E

(b)(ii) explain how a change in the atmosphere that results from El Nino conditions represented in the model would affect Australia

a scarcity of water from drought conditions could lead to less available drinking water

(c)(ii) identify the control group in the study

a typical year or a non-El Nino year

(b)(iii) describe one environmental effect resulting from the conditions represented in the model that could have a negative effect on humans in western South America.

an increase in flooding can lead to -human death or injury -destruction of property -destruction of crops

(a)(ii) identify one human activity that could directly contribute to global climate change.

burning fossil fuels for transportation

which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

clay--silt--sand

(question with global circulation diagram)-- which of the following is a biome found at 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S as seen in the diagram?

deserts

which of the following is a positive effect likely to result from an el nino event?

fewer hurricanes forming in the central atlantic basin

which of the following changes in eastern pacific ocean food web is typically associated with la nina events?

increased phytoplankton concentrations

which of the following properties of the soil sample most influences the flow of water through the sample?

permeability

the sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT

plate tectonics

(c)(iv) describe how the results would differ in total if data was collected during a La Nina year rather than an El Nino year

rainfall would decrease and be less than 40cm in a La Nina year

(question about sampled soil from different gardens)-- based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?

sample D

(question about the soil diagram)-- what are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T?

sand 60%, silt 30%, clay 10%

(question about the axis of the earth in relation to the sun)-- which of the following correctly describes the season and length of day at the Tropic of Cancer at the time of year shown in the diagram?

the northern hemisphere is titled away from the Sun so it is winter at the tropic of cancer and daylight is less than 12 hours per day

(question with altitude and temp graph)-- based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause?

the ozone layer is in the stratosphere

which of the following best explains why city B regularly receives less precipitation than city A?

the rain shadow effect causes city B to drier because the mountain blocks precipitation from reaching the city

(question about environmental engineer examining permeability of different soils)-- which of the following best describes the independent variable in this research design?

the sample material chosen as the potential container material is the variable being tested, so it is the independent variable.

(question about the axis of the earth in relation to the sun)-- if the diagram illustrates Earth's relative position on December 21 of a given year, which of the following statements would be correct?

the tropic of cancer has a shorter day and a lower solar radiation intensity because there is a direct relationship between day length and radiation intensity.

region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere

troposphere

(question about soil erosion from new housing development)-- which of the following explains the variable that would be the best for students to measure to determine the direct impact of soil erosion caused by the construction project on the river?

turbidity, because a decrease in water clarity would indicate an increase in soil erosion

(question about restoration study of a nearby disturbed area)-- which of the following is the most likely explanation of the data?

two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon

(a)(i) describe how the solar radiation that arrives at the equator is redistributed around the Earth through atmospheric circulation

unequal heating forms convection currents that redistribute heat

most deserts on earth are located near the 30 degree north and 30 degree south latitudes because humidity is lower at 30 degrees. the best explanation for the lower humidity is that

warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sink at 30 degrees latitude

(question with global circulation diagram)-- which of the following causes the air to rise high into the atmosphere in the areas labeled A, B, and C on the diagram?

warm, moist air that is less dense than the surrounding air

(a)(iii) describe how the activity identified in part (a)(ii) could affect the relative abundance of the major greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

burning fossil fuels for transportation --> releases greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4), increasing their concentration in the atmosphere

(c)(iii) explain why could sea surface water will be further away from the satellite than warm sea surface water

cold sea surface water is denser than warm sea surface water and, therefore, the molecules will be closer together and farther away from the satellite then the less dense warm water

(b)(i) describe a change in ocean circulation that results from an El Nino event that is represented in the model

cold water upwelling ceases off the coast of South America

(altitude graph)-- which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth's atmospheric layers?

layer D= is the atmosphere, where auroras are found

(question about the axis of the earth in relation to the sun)-- which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram and why?

the tropic of capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation

in the desert regions of the southwestern united states, daily high and low temperatures will frequently fluctuate by 40 degrees F (33 degrees C) or more. Which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature?

there are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air