Testicular tumor

name the Germ cell tumors

Seminoma, non-seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, mixed germ cell tumor

Basic principles: arise from germ cells or sex-cord stroma. Present as a firm, painless testicular mass that cannot be transilluminated. Usually not biopsied due to risk of seeding the scrotum. Removed via radical orchiectomy. Most testicular tumors are malignant germ cell tumors.

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2 types of germ cell tumors

seminoma (large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei, forms a homogeneous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis) and nonseminomas

Most common testicular tumor of children

yolk sac tumor

Immature, primitive cells that may produce glands. Forms a hemorrhagic mass with necrosis

Embryonal carcinoma

Increased AFB

Embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac carcinoma (especially yolk sac carcinoma!)

Is teratoma in male malignant or benign?

malignant

Elevated beta-hCG

Choriocarcinoma

Hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia. Testicular painless mass.

Choriocarcinoma

Risk factors for germ cell tumors of testicles

Cryptorchidism and Klinefelter syndrome

Aggressive with early hematogenous spread

Embryonal carcinoma

Most common type of testicular tumor

Germ cell types >95% cases Seminomas 55% cases Nonseminomas 45% cases

Prognosis of seminoma

Good prognosis, responds to radiotherapy

Which cell is increased in testicular lymphoma?

Large B cell type

Reinke crystals

Leydig cell tumor

testicular tumor that causes precocious puberty (elevated androgen) or gynecomastia

Leydig cell tumor

Most common testicular cancer in older men >60

Testicular lymphoma

Schieller-Duval bodies (glomerulous-looking structures)

Yolk sac tumor