Testicular tumor
name the Germ cell tumors
Seminoma, non-seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, mixed germ cell tumor
Basic principles: arise from germ cells or sex-cord stroma. Present as a firm, painless testicular mass that cannot be transilluminated. Usually not biopsied due to risk of seeding the scrotum. Removed via radical orchiectomy. Most testicular tumors are malignant germ cell tumors.
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2 types of germ cell tumors
seminoma (large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei, forms a homogeneous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis) and nonseminomas
Most common testicular tumor of children
yolk sac tumor
Immature, primitive cells that may produce glands. Forms a hemorrhagic mass with necrosis
Embryonal carcinoma
Increased AFB
Embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac carcinoma (especially yolk sac carcinoma!)
Is teratoma in male malignant or benign?
malignant
Elevated beta-hCG
Choriocarcinoma
Hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia. Testicular painless mass.
Choriocarcinoma
Risk factors for germ cell tumors of testicles
Cryptorchidism and Klinefelter syndrome
Aggressive with early hematogenous spread
Embryonal carcinoma
Most common type of testicular tumor
Germ cell types >95% cases Seminomas 55% cases Nonseminomas 45% cases
Prognosis of seminoma
Good prognosis, responds to radiotherapy
Which cell is increased in testicular lymphoma?
Large B cell type
Reinke crystals
Leydig cell tumor
testicular tumor that causes precocious puberty (elevated androgen) or gynecomastia
Leydig cell tumor
Most common testicular cancer in older men >60
Testicular lymphoma
Schieller-Duval bodies (glomerulous-looking structures)
Yolk sac tumor
