TestOut Security Pro Chapters 10 & 11

Gathering as much personally identifiable information (PII) on a target as possible is a goal of which reconnaissance method?

OSINT

10.4.14

10.4.14

11.1.4

11.1.4

11.2.9

11.2.9

11.3.6

11.3.6

11.4.12

11.4.12

11.5.4

11.5.4

11.6.1.

11.6.12

Which of the following accurately describes what a protocol analyzer is used for? (Select two.)

A passive device that is used to copy frames and allow you to view frame contents. A device that does NOT allow you to capture, modify, and retransmit frames (to perform an attack).

Which of the following describes a man-in-the-middle attack?

A false server intercepts communications from a client by impersonating the intended server.

Which of the following attacks tries to associate an incorrect MAC address with a known IP address?

ARP poisoning

Which of the following is the term used to describe what happens when an attacker sends falsified messages to link their MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or server on a network?

ARP poisoning

Which application development model approaches software development as a continuous, changing process with never-ending versions, bug fixes, and enhancements?

Agile

You are concerned about protecting your network from network-based attacks on the internet. Specifically, you are concerned about attacks that have not yet been identified or that do not have prescribed protections. Which type of device should you use?

Anomaly-based IDS

What is the most common form of host-based IDS that employs signature or pattern-matching detection methods?

Antivirus software

Which of the following activities are typically associated with a penetration test?

Attempt social engineering.

You have been hired as part of the team that manages an organization's network defense. Which security team are you working on?

Blue

Having poor software development practices and failing to program input validation checks during development of custom software can result in a system vulnerable to which type of attack?

Buffer overflow attack

Which of the following attacks is a form of software exploitation that transmits or submits a longer stream of data than the input variable is designed to handle?

Buffer overflow attack

Which type of attack is the act of exploiting a software program's free acceptance of input in order to execute arbitrary code on a target?

Buffer overflow attack

As part of a special program, you have discovered a vulnerability in an organization's website and reported it to the organization. Because of the severity, you are paid a good amount of money. Which type of penetration test are you performing?

Bug bounty

Which of the following are network-sniffing tools?

Cain and Abel, Ettercap, and TCPDump

You are using a protocol analyzer to capture network traffic. You want to only capture the frames coming from a specific IP address. Which of the following can you use to simplify this process?

Capture filters

You have just finished developing a new application. Before putting it on the website for users to download, you want to provide a checksum to verify that the object has not been modified. Which of the following would you implement?

Code signing

Which of the following are the two main causes of software vulnerabilities? (Select two.)

Coding errors Design flaws

Which SIEM component is responsible for gathering all event logs from configured devices and securely sending them to the SIEM system?

Collectors

What does an IDS that uses signature recognition use to identify attacks?

Comparisons to known attack patterns

A security administrator needs to run a vulnerability scan that analyzes a system from the perspective of a hacker attacking the organization from the outside. Which type of scan should he or she use?

Non-credentialed scan

11.4.7 Scan for Windows Vulnerabilities You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You are performing vulnerability scans on your network. Mary is the primary administrator for the network and the only person authorized to perform local administrative actions. The company network security policy requires complex passwords for all users. It is also required that Windows Firewall is enabled on all workstations. Sharing personal files is not allowed. In this lab, your task is to: Run a vulnerability scan for the Office2 workstation using the Security Evaluator. A shortcut is located on the taskbar. Remediate the vulnerabilities found in the vulnerability report for Office2. Re-run a vulnerability scan to make sure all of the issues are resolved.

Complete this lab as follows. Run a Security Evaluator report.From the taskbar, open Security Evaluator.Next to Target Local Machine, select the Target icon to select a new target.Select Workstation.From the Workstation drop-down list, select Office2 as the target.Select OK.Next to Status, select the Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon.Review the results to determine which issues you need to resolve on Office2. Access local users using Office2's Computer Management console.From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1.Under Office 2, select Office2.From Office2, right-click Start and select Computer Management.Expand and select Local Users and Groups > Users. Rename a user account.Right-click Administrator and select Rename.Enter a new name of your choice and press Enter. Disable the Guest account.Right-click Guest and select Properties.Select Account is disabled and then select OK. Set a new password for Mary.Right-click Mary and select Set Password.Select Proceed.Enter a new password of your choice (12 characters or more).Confirm the new password and then select OK.Select OK.Ideally, you should have created a policy that requires passwords with 12 characters or more. Configure Mary's password to expire and to change at next logon.Right-click Mary and select Properties.Clear Password never expires.Select User must change password at next logon and then select OK. Unlock Susan's account and remove her from the Administrators group.Right-click Susan and select Properties.Clear Account is locked out and then select Apply.Select the Member of tab.Select Administrators.Select Remove.Select OK.Close Computer Management. Enable Windows Firewall for all profiles.Right-click Start and then select Settings.Select Network & Internet.From the right pane, scroll down and select Windows Firewall.Under Domain network, select Turn on.Under Private network, select Turn on.Under Public network, select Turn on.Close all open Windows. Remove a file share.From the taskbar, select File Explorer.From the left pane, select This PC.From the right pane, double-click Local Disk (C:).Right-click MyMusic and select Properties.Select the Sharing tab.Select Advanced Sharing.Clear Share this folder.Select OK.Select OK. Use the Security Evaluator feature to verify that all of the issues on the ITAdmin computer were resolved.From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1.Under IT Administration, select ITAdmin.From Security Evaluator, select the Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon to rerun the security evaluation.If you still see unresolved issues, select Floor 1, navigate to the Office2 workstation and remediate any remaining issues.

You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You are increasing network security by implementing application whitelisting. Your first step is to prevent applications not located in the operating system directory or the program files directory from running on your computers. In addition, the call center application used by the support team runs from C:​\​CallCenter​\​CallStart.exe and must be allowed to run. You also want any future versions of the call center application to run without changing any settings. In this lab, your task is to configure AppLocker in the default domain policy as follows: Create the default rules.Allow all files located in the Program Files folder.Allow all files located in the Windows folder. Configure a publisher rule that will allow future updates from the same vendor. Allow the Support group to run the call center software found in C:​\​CallCenter​\​CallStart.exe.

Complete this lab as follows: Access the CorpNet.local domain under Group Policy Management.From Server Manager's menu bar, select Tools > Group Policy Management.Maximize the window for better viewing.Expand Forest: CorpNet.local > Domains > CorpNet.local. Access the AppLocker policy.Right-click Default Domain Policy and select Edit.Maximize the window for better viewing.Under Computer Configuration, expand and select:Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Application Control Policies > AppLocker. Configure rule enforcement.From the right pane, select Configure rule enforcement.Under Executable rules, select Configured.Make sure Enforce rules is selected in the drop-down list.Select OK. Configure a Publisher rule and allow the Support group to run the call center software.From the left pane, expand AppLocker.Right-click Executable Rules and then select Create New Rule.Select Next.Make sure Allow is selected.For User or group, click Select.In the Enter the object names to select box, type Support and then select OK.Select Next.Make sure Publisher is selected; then select Next.For the Reference file, select Browse.Browse to and select the C:\CallCenter\CallStart.exe file.Select Open.Slide the pointer from File version to Publisher and then select Next.Select Next.Accept the default name and select Create.Select Yes to create the default rules.Notice that the Publisher rule was created.

Which phase or step of a security assessment is a passive activity?

Reconnaissance

11.7.4 Crack Password with Rainbow Tables A recent breach of a popular 3rd party service has exposed a password database. The security team is evaluating the risk of the exposed passwords for the company. The password hashes are saved in the root user's home directory, /root/captured_hashes.txt. You want to attempt to hack these passwords using a rainbow table. The password requirements for your company are as follows: The password must be 12 or more characters in length. The password must include at least one uppercase and one lowercase letter. The password must have at least one of these special characters: !, ", #, $, %, &, _, ', *, or @. All passwords are encrypted using a hash algorithm of either md5 or sha1. In this lab, your task is to: Create md5 and sha1 rainbow tables using rtgen. Sort the rainbow tables using rtsort. Crack the hashes using rcrack. You must run rcrack on an individual hash and run it on the hash file. Answer the question. The type of charset that can be used to create a rainbow table is stored in the /usr/share/rainbowcrack/charset.txt file. This file can be viewed using the cat command.

Complete this lab as follows: Create and sort an md5 and sha1 rainbow crack table. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type rtgen md5 ascii-32-95 1 20 0 1000 1000 0 and press Enter to create a md5 rainbow crack table. Type rtgen sha1 ascii-32-95 1 20 0 1000 1000 0 and press Enter to create a sha1 rainbow crack table. Type rtsort . and press Enter to sort the rainbow table. Crack the password hashes. To crack the password contained in a hash file, type rcrack . -l /root/captured_hashes.txt and press Enter. To crack the password contained in a hash, type rcrack . -h hash_value and press Enter. Repeat step 2b for the remaining hashes. Answer the questions. In the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer the questions. Select Score Lab.

In your role as a security analyst, you ran a vulnerability scan, and several vulnerabilities were reported. Upon further inspection, none of the vulnerabilities actually existed. Which type of result is this?

False positive

Which of the following processes identifies an operating system based on its response to different types of network traffic?

Fingerprinting

You want to use a tool to scan a system for vulnerabilities, including open ports, running services, and missing patches. Which tool should you use?

Nessus

11.4.11 Scan for WAP Vulnerabilities You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You perform vulnerability scans on your network. You need to verify the security of your wireless network and your Ruckus wireless access controller. In this lab, your task is to: Run a vulnerability scan for the wireless access controller 192.168.0.6 using Security Evaluator, which is accessible from the taskbar. Remediate the vulnerabilities found in the vulnerability report for the wireless access controller.New admin name: your choiceNew password: your choiceEnable reporting of rogue devices for intrusion prevention. Rerun a vulnerability scan to make sure all of the issues are resolved. Access the wireless controller console through Google Chrome on http://192.168.0.6 with the admin name admin and the password password. The username and password are case-sensitive.

Complete this lab as follows: Run a Security Evaluator report.From the taskbar, select Security Evaluator.Next to Target: Local Machine, select the Target icon to select a new target.Select IPv4 Address.Enter 192.168.0.6 for the wireless access controller.Select OK.Next to Status No Results, select the Status Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon to run the security evaluation.Review the results to determine which issues you need to resolve on the wireless access controller. Use Google Chrome to go into the Ruckus wireless access controller.From the taskbar, open Google Chrome.Maximize Google Chrome for easier viewing.In the address bar, type 192.168.0.6 and press Enter.For Admin name, enter admin (case-sensitive).For Password, enter password.Select Login. Change the admin username and password for the Ruckus wireless access controller.Select the Administer tab.Make sure Authenticate using the admin name and password is selected.In the Admin Name field, replace admin with a username of your choice.In the Current Password field, enter password.In the New Password field, enter a password of you choice.In the Confirm New Password field, enter the new password.On the right, select Apply. Enable intrusion detection and prevention.Select the Configure tab.On the left, select WIPS.Under Intrusion Detection and Prevention, select Enable report rogue devices.On the right, select Apply. Verify that all the issues were resolved using the Security Evaluator.From the taskbar, select Security Evaluator.Next to Status Needs Attention, select the Status Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon to re-run the security evaluation.Remediate any remaining issues.

11.3.5 Implement Intrusion Prevention You work as the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. In an effort to protect your network against security threats and hackers, you have added Snort to pfSense. With Snort already installed, you need to configure rules and settings and then assign Snort to the desired interface. In this lab, your task is to use pfSense's Snort to complete the following: Sign into pfSense using the following:Username: adminPassword: P@ssw0rd (zero) Enable the downloading of the following:Snort free registered User rulesOinkmaster Code: 359d00c0e75a37a4dbd70757745c5c5dg85aaSnort GPLv2 Community rulesEmerging Threats Open rulesSourcefire OpenAppID detectorsAPPID Open rules Configure rule updates to happen once a day at 1:00 a.m.Hide any deprecated rules. Block offending hosts for 1 hour. Send all alerts to the system log when the Snort starts and stops. Assign Snort to the WAN interface using a description of WANSnort.Include:Sending alerts to the system logAutomatically blocking hosts that generate a Snort alert Start Snort on the WAN interface.

Complete this lab as follows: Sign into the pfSense management console.In the Username field, enter admin.In the Password field, enter P@ssw0rd (zero).Select SIGN IN or press Enter. Access the Snort Global Settings.From the pfSense menu bar, select Services > Snort.Under the Services breadcrumb, select Global Settings. Configure the required rules to be downloaded.Select Enable Snort VRT.In the Sort Oinkmaster Code field, enter 359d00c0e75a37a4dbd70757745c5c5dg85aa. You can copy and paste this from the scenario.Select Enable Snort GPLv2.Select Enable ET Open. Configure the Sourcefire OpenAppID Detectors to be downloaded.Under Sourcefire OpenAppID Detectors, select Enable OpenAppID.Select Enable RULES OpenAppID. Configure when and how often the rules will be updated.Under Rules Update Settings, use the Update Interval drop-down menu to select 1 Day.For Update Start Time, change to 01:00.Select Hide Deprecated Rules Categories. Configure Snort General Settings.Under General Settings, use the Remove Blocked Hosts Interval drop-down menu to select 1 HOUR.Select Startup/Shutdown Logging.Select Save. Configure the Snort Interface settings for the WAN interface.Under the Services breadcrumb, select Snort Interfaces and then select Add.Under General Settings, make sure Enable interface is selected.For Interface, use the drop-down menu to select WAN (PFSense port 1).For Description, use WANSnort.

11.6.8 Analyze a SYN Flood Attack You are the CorpNet IT administrator. Your support team says that CorpNet's customers are unable to browse to the public-facing web server. You suspect that it might be under some sort of denial-of-service attack, possibly a TCP-SYN flood attack. Your www_stage computer is on the same network segment as your web server, so you should use this computer to investigate the problem. In this lab, your task is to: Capture packets from the network segment on www_stage using Wireshark. Use the enp2s0 interface. Analyze the attack using the following filters: tcp.flags.syn==1 and tcp.flags.ack==1 tcp.flags.syn==1 and tcp.flags.ack==0 Answer the question.

Complete this lab as follows: Using Wireshark, only capture packets containing both the SYN flag and ACK flags. From the Favorites bar, select Wireshark. Under Capture, select enp2s0. From the menu, select the blue fin to begin the capture. In the Apply a display filter field, type tcp.flags.syn==1 and tcp.flags.ack==1 and press Enter to filter Wireshark to display only those packets with both the SYN flag and ACK flag.You may have to wait up to a minute before any SYN-ACK packets are captured and displayed. Select the red square to stop the capture. Change the filter to only display packets with the SYN flag. In the Apply a display filter field, change the tcp.flags.ack ending from the number 1 to the number 0 and press Enter.Notice that there are a flood of SYN packets being sent to 198.28.1.1 (www.corpnet.xyz) that are not being acknowledged. In the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer the question. Select Score Lab. Correct answer: There are multiple source addresses for the SYN packets with the destination address 128.28.1.1.

You are performing a security test from the outside on a new application that has been deployed. Which secure testing method are you MOST likely using?

Dynamic

You are running a packet sniffer on your workstation so you can identify the types of traffic on your network. You expect to see all the traffic on the network, but the packet sniffer only seems to be capturing frames that are addressed to the network interface on your workstation. Which of the following must you configure in order to see all of the network traffic?

Configure the network interface to use promiscuous mode.

What is the storage location called that holds all the development source files that version control systems use?

Repository

A security administrator logs onto a Windows server on her organization's network. Then she runs a vulnerability scan on that server. Which type of scan was conducted in this scenario?

Credentialed scan

An attacker uses an exploit to push a modified hosts file to client systems. This hosts file redirects traffic from legitimate tax preparation sites to malicious sites to gather personal and financial information. Which kind of exploit has been used in this scenario?

DNS poisoning

Which type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack occurs when a name server receives malicious or misleading data that incorrectly maps host names and IP addresses?

DNS poisoning

While using the internet, you type the URL of one of your favorite sites in the browser. Instead of going to the correct site, the browser displays a completely different website. When you use the IP address of the web server, the correct site is displayed. Which type of attack has likely occurred?

DNS poisoning

You want to identify all devices on a network along with a list of open ports on those devices. You want the results displayed in a graphical diagram. Which tool should you use?

Network mapper

Which of the following enters random data to the inputs of an application?

Fuzzing

Which fuzz testing program type defines new test data based on models of the input?

Generation-based

As a security precaution, you have implemented IPsec that is used between any two devices on your network. IPsec provides encryption for traffic between devices. You would like to implement a solution that can scan the contents of the encrypted traffic to prevent any malicious attacks. Which solution should you implement?

Host-based IDS

You are concerned about attacks directed at your network firewall. You want to be able to identify and be notified of any attacks. In addition, you want the system to take immediate action to stop or prevent the attack, if possible. Which tool should you use?

IPS

Your organization uses a web server to host an e-commerce site. Because this web server handles financial transactions, you are concerned that it could become a prime target for exploits. You want to implement a network security control that analyzes the contents of each packet going to or from the web server. The security control must be able to identify malicious payloads and block them. What should you do?

Implement an application-aware IPS in front of the web server

An attacker inserts SQL database commands into a data input field of an order form used by a web-based application. When submitted, these commands are executed on the remote database server, causing customer contact information from the database to be sent to the malicious user's web browser. Which practice would have prevented this exploit?

Implementing client-side validation

While using a web-based order form, an attacker enters an unusually large value in the Quantity field. The value he or she entered is so large that it exceeds the maximum value supported by the variable type used to store the quantity in the web application. This causes the value of the quantity variable to wrap around to the minimum possible value, which is a negative number. As a result, the web application processes the order as a return instead of a purchase, and the attacker's account is credited with a large sum of money. Which practices would have prevented this exploit? (Select two.)

Implementing client-side validation Implementing server-side validation

Which of the following functions does a single quote (') perform in an SQL injection?

Indicates that data has ended and a command is beginning

Which of the following is specifically meant to ensure that a program operates on clean, correct, and useful data?

Input validation

Which of the following describes a false positive when using an IPS device?

Legitimate traffic being flagged as malicious

Which step in the penetration testing life cycle is accomplished using rootkits or Trojan horse programs?

Maintain access

Capturing packets as they travel from one host to another with the intent of altering the contents of the packets is a form of which type of attack?

Man-in-the-middle attack

You are concerned about attacks directed against the firewall on your network. You would like to examine the content of individual frames sent to the firewall. Which tool should you use?

Packet sniffer

You want to know which protocols are being used on your network. You'd like to monitor network traffic and sort traffic by protocol. Which tool should you use?

Packet sniffer

Which type of reconnaissance is dumpster diving?

Passive

Which of the following uses hacking techniques to proactively discover internal vulnerabilities?

Penetration testing

An active IDS system often performs which of the following actions? (Select two.)

Performs reverse lookups to identify an intruder. Updates filters to block suspect traffic.

Which of the following Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) system automation components is often used to document the processes and procedures that are to be used by a human during a manual intervention?

Playbook

As you browse the internet, you notice that when you go to some sites, multiple additional windows are opened automatically. Many of these windows contain advertisements for products that are inappropriate for your family to view. Which tool can you implement to prevent these windows from showing?

Pop-up blocker

You decide to use a packet sniffer to identify the type of traffic sent to a router. You run the packet sniffing software on a device that is connected to a hub with three other computers. The hub is connected to a switch that is connected to the router. When you run the software, you see frames addressed to the four workstations, but not to the router. Which feature should you configure on the switch?

Port mirroring

You want to make sure that a set of servers only accepts traffic for specific network services. You have verified that the servers are only running the necessary services, but you also want to make sure that the servers do not accept packets sent to those services. Which tool should you use?

Port scanner

You want to identify traffic that is generated and sent through a network by a specific application running on a device. Which tool should you use?

Protocol analyzer

11.6.4 Poison ARP and Analyze with Wireshark You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You believe a hacker has penetrated your network and is using ARP poisoning to infiltrate it. In this lab, your task is to discover whether ARP poisoning is taking place as follows: Use Wireshark to capture packets on the enp2s0 interface for five seconds. Analyze the Wireshark packets to determine whether ARP poisoning is taking place. Use the 192.168.0.2 IP address to help make your determination. Answer the questions.

Q1What is the MAC address of the first responding device? 00:00:1B:11:22:33 Q2What was the MAC address of the duplicate responding device? 00:00:1B:33:22:11 Complete this lab as follows: Use Wireshark to capture packets on enp2s0. From the Favorites bar, select Wireshark. Maximize the window for easier viewing. Under Capture, select enp2s0. From the menu bar, select the blue fin to begin a Wireshark capture. After capturing packets for five seconds, select the red box to stop the Wireshark capture. Filter for only ARP packets. In the Apply a display filter field, type arp and press Enter to only show ARP packets. In the Info column, look for the lines containing the 192.168.0.2 IP address. Answer the questions. In the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer the questions. Select Score Lab.

You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You need to use a vulnerability scanner to check for security issues on your Linux computers. In this lab, your task is to: Use the Security Evaluator to check the security:On the Linux computer with the 192.168.0.45 IP address.On the Linux computers in the IP address range of 192.168.0.60 through 192.168.0.69 Answer the questions.

Required Actions & Questions Run a Security Evaluator report for 192.168.0.45 Q1For the Linux computer with the 192.168.0.45 address, which security vulnerability passed?Your answer: root - Password Does Not ExpireCorrect answer: root - Password Does Not Expire Run a Security Evaluator report for the IP address range of 192.168.0.60 through 192.168.0.69 Q2Which IP addresses in the 192.168.0.60 through 192.168.0.69 range had issues that needed to be resolved?Your answer: 192.168.0.65, 192.168.0.68Correct answer: 192.168.0.65, 192.168.0.68 Q3For the Linux computer with the 192.168.0.65 address, what is the name of the vulnerability that only has a warning?Your answer: backup - Password Does Not ExpireCorrect answer: backup - Password Does Not Expire

11.4.10 Scan for IoT Vulnerabilities You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You have some security issues on a few Internet of Things (IoT) devices. You have decided to use the Security Evaluator to find these problems. In this lab, your task is to use the Security Evaluator to: Find a device using the IP address of 192.168.0.54. Find all devices using an IP address in the range of 192.168.0.60 through 192.168.0.69. Answer the questions.

Required Actions & Questions Scan 192.168.0.54 Q1What is the name of the IoT device with the IP address of 192.168.0.54?Your answer: Wireless ThermostatCorrect answer: Wireless Thermostat Q2How many issues exist for the device with the IP address of 192.168.0.54?Your answer: 3Correct answer: 3 Search for issues using IP range Q3In the IP address range of 192.168.0.60 through 192.168.0.69, which IP addresses had issues?Your answer: 192.168.0.66Correct answer: 192.168.0.66

Which of the following is the first step in the Waterfall application development model?

Requirements

Which of the following is considered a drawback of the Waterfall application development life cycle?

Requirements are determined at the beginning and are carried through to the end product.

You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You are performing vulnerability scans on your network. Use the Security Evaluator tool to run a vulnerability scan on the CorpDC domain controller. In this lab, your task is to: Run a vulnerability scan for the CorpDC domain controller using the Security Evaluator on the taskbar. Remediate the vulnerabilities in the Default Domain Policy using Group Policy Management on CorpDC. Re-run a vulnerability scan to make sure all of the issues are resolved.

Run a Security Evaluator report.From the taskbar, open Security Evaluator.Next to Target: Local Machine, select the Target icon to select a target.Select Domain Controller.Using the Domain Controller drop-down list, select CorpDC as the target.Select OK.Next to Status: No Results, select the Status Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon.Review the results to determine which issues you need to resolve on CorpDC. Access the CorpDC server.From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1.Under Networking Closet, select CorpDC.If you need to return to the ITAdmin computer to review the Security Evaluator results:From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1.Under IT Administration, select ITAdmin. Access and edit the CorpNet.local Default Domain Policy.From Server Manager, select Tools > Group Policy Management.Maximize the window for easier viewing.Expand Forest: CorpNet.local > Domains >CorpNet.local.Right-click Default Domain Policy and then select Edit.Maximize the window for easier viewing. Remediate the password policy issues in Account Policies.Under Computer Configuration, expand Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Account Policies.From the left pane, select Password Policy.From the right pane, double-click the policy.Select Define this policy setting.Enter the password setting and then select OK.Repeat steps 4c-4e for each additional password policy. Remediate the reset account lockout counter issue in Account Policies.From the left pane, select Account Lockout Policy.From the right pane, double-click Reset account lockout counter after.Select Define this policy setting.Enter 60 minutes and then select OK. Remediate the Event Log issues.From the left pane, select Event Log.From the right pane, double-click the policy.Select Define this policy setting.Select Do not overwrite events (clear log manually) and then select OK.Repeat steps 6b-6d for each additional Event Log policy. Remediate System Services issues.From the left pane, select System Services.From the right pane, double-click the policy.Select Define this policy setting.Make sure Disabled is selected and then select OK.Repeat steps 7b-7d for the remaining System Services policy. Verify that all the issues were resolved using the Security Evaluator feature on the ITAdmin computer.From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1.Under IT Administration, select ITAdmin.From Security Evaluator, select the Status Run/Rerun Security Evaluation icon to rerun the security evaluation.If you still see unresolved issues, select Floor 1, navigate to CorpDC, and remediate any remaining issues.

You have run a vulnerability scanning tool and identified several patches that need to be applied to a system. What should you do next after applying the patches?

Run the vulnerability assessment again.

What is a set of software development tools called that can be installed as one unit and provides code frameworks or code snippets to help development go faster?

SDK

You have a website that accepts input from users for creating customer accounts. Input on the form is passed to a database server where the user account information is stored. An attacker is able to insert database commands in the input fields and have those commands execute on the server. Which type of attack has occurred?

SQL injection

Which of the following is a very detailed document that defines exactly what is going to be included in the penetration test?

Scope of work

Which of the following roles would be MOST likely to use a protocol analyzer to identify frames that might cause errors?

Security operations team

Which of the following tools can be used to see if a target has any online IoT devices without proper security?

Shodan

Which IDS method searches for intrusion or attack attempts by recognizing patterns or identifying entities listed in a database?

Signature-based IDS

11.7.7 Crack a Password with John the Ripper You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You've received a zip file that contains sensitive password-protected files. You need to access these files. The zip file is located in the home directory. In this lab, your task is to use John the Ripper to: Crack the root password on the Linux computer named Support. Crack the password of the protected.zip file located in the home directory on IT-Laptop. After John the Ripper cracks the password, it won't crack it again. The results are stored in the john.pot file.

Solution 1. Crack the root password on Support as follows: a. From the Favorites bar, open Terminal. b. At the prompt, type cd /usr/share/john and press Enter to change directories to the folder containing the John the Ripper password file. c. Type ls and press Enter to list the files in the directory. d. Type cat password.lst and press Enter to view the password list. This is an abbreviated list. e. Type cd and press Enter to go back to root. f. Type john /etc/shadow and press Enter to crack the Linux passwords. Notice that the root password of 1worm4b8 was cracked. g. Type john /etc/shadow and press Enter to attempt to crack the Linux passwords again. Notice that it does not attempt to crack the password again. The cracked password is already stored in the john.pot file. h. Type cat ./.john/john.pot and press Enter to view the contents of the john.pot file. i. Type john /etc/shadow --show and press Enter as an alternate method of viewing the previously cracked password. j. In the top right, select Answer Questions. k. In Terminal, find the root password and answer the question. 2. Crack the password of the protected.zip file as follows: a. From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1 Overview. b. Under IT Administration, select IT-Laptop. c. From the Favorites bar, open Terminal. d. At the prompt, type ls and press Enter to view the contents of the home directory. Notice the protected.zip file you wish to crack. e. Type zip2john protected.zip > ziphash.txt and press Enter to copy the hashes to a text file. f. Type cat ziphash.txt and press Enter to confirm that the hashes have been copied. g. Type john --format=pkzip ziphash.txt and press Enter to crack the password. Notice that the password of p@ssw0rd was cracked.h. Type john ziphash.txt --show and press Enter to show the password. i. In the top right, select Answer Questions. j. In Terminal, find the password for the file and answer the question. k. Select Score Lab.Question 1: 1worm4b8Question 2: p@ssw0rd

11.6.6 Poison DNS You are the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You want to spoof the DNS to redirect traffic as part of a man-in-the-middle attack. In this lab, your task is to: (Optional) From the Exec computer, access rmksupplies.com and verify that site can be accessed. From the Linux Support computer, use Ettercap to begin sniffing and scanning for hosts. Configure the Exec computer (192.168.0.30) as the target 1 machine. Initiate DNS spoofing. From the Exec computer, access rmksupplies.com and verify that it has been redirected to a different site.

Solution 1. Use Ettercap to begin sniffing and scanning for hosts as follows: a. From the Favorites bar, open Ettercap. b. Select Sniff. c. Select Unified sniffing. d. From the Network Interface drop-down list, select enp2s0. e. Select OK. f. Select Hosts and select Scan for hosts2. Set Exec (192.168.0.30) as the target machine as follows: a. Select Hosts and select Host list. b. Under IP Address, select 192.168.0.30. c. Select Add to Target 1 to assign it as the target. 3. Initiate DNS spoofing as follows: a. Select Plugins. b. Select Manage the plugins. c. Select the Plugins tab. d. Double-click dns_spoof to activate it. e. Select Mitm. f. Select ARP poisoning. g. Select Sniff remote connections. h. Select OK. 4. From Exec, access rmksupplies.com as follows: a. From the top navigation tabs, select Floor 1 Overview. b. Under Executive Office, select Exec. c. From the task bar, open Chrome. d. In the URL field, type rmksupplies.com and press Enter. Notice that the page was redirected to RUS Office Supplies despite the web address not changing.

A router on the border of your network detects a packet with a source address that is from an internal client, but the packet was received on the internet-facing interface. This is an example of which form of attack?

Spoofing

Which type of activity changes or falsifies information in order to mislead or re-direct traffic?

Spoofing

10.4.12 Implement Data Execution Preventions You work as the IT security administrator for a small corporate network. You are configuring the computer in Office 1 to use Data Execution Prevention (DEP) for all programs and services. You have noticed that the accounting program used on some computers does not function well when DEP is enabled. In this lab, your task is to configure DEP as follows: Enable DEP for all files. Disable DEP for C:\Program Files (x86)\AccountWizard\AccountWizard.exe. Restart the computer to activate DEP.

Task SummaryEnable DEP for all programs and servicesAdd AccountWizard as an execption for DEPRestart the computer to activate DEPExplanationIn this lab, you perform the following tasks:• Enable DEP for all files.• Disable DEP for C:\Program Files\AccountWizard\AccountWizard.exe.• Restart the computer to activate DEP.Enable DEP in Advanced System Properties as follows:1. Right-click Start and select System.2. On the left, select Advanced System Settings.3. Under Performance, select Settings.4. Select the Data Execution Prevention tab.5. Select Turn on DEP for all programs and services except those I select.6. Select Add.7. Browse to C:\Program Files\AccountWizard.8. Select AccountWizard.exe.9. Select Open.10. Make sure the program that you added is selected; then click OK.11. Click OK to confirm that a system restart is needed.12. Click OK to close System Properties.13. Click Restart Now to restart the computer and activate DEP.

What is the primary purpose of penetration testing?

Test the effectiveness of your security perimeter.

Which of the following describes the worst possible action by an IDS?

The system identified harmful traffic as harmless and allowed it to pass without generating any alerts.

In your role as a security analyst, you need to stay up to date on the latest threats. You are currently reviewing the latest real-time updates on cyberthreats from across the world. Which of the following resources are you MOST likely using?

Threat feeds

You want to be able to identify the services running on a set of servers on your network. Which tool would BEST give you the information you need?

Vulnerability scanner

The process of walking around an office building with an 802.11 signal detector is known as:

War driving

You have been promoted to team lead of one of the security operations teams. Which security team are you now a part of?

White

You have been hired to perform a penetration test for an organization. You are given full knowledge of the network before the test begins. Which type of penetration test are you performing?

White box

You want to use a tool to see packets on a network, including the source and destination of each packet. Which tool should you use?

Wireshark

Which of the following is an attack that injects malicious scripts into web pages to redirect users to fake websites to gather personal information?

XSS

Which of the following tools can be used to view and modify DNS server information in Linux?

dig

You need to enumerate the devices on your network and display the network's configuration details. Which of the following utilities should you use?

nmap

You need to check network connectivity from your computer to a remote computer. Which of the following tools would be the BEST option to use?

ping

Which passive reconnaissance tool is used to gather information from a variety of public sources?

theHarvester