"The Americans" Chapter 29: Civil Rights
Gains
*Civil Rights Act of 1968 *More AA graduate *pride in racial identity *voting rights *elected offices *end of Jim Crow laws (but they don't fully die out until the late 1970's.
Unfinished work
*Difficult to change peoples attitudes and behaviors *many people are tired of the militant stance that the blacks were taking. *white flight from cities. *lack of jobs *affirmative action *many see it as "reverse discrimination"
Black Power
A political slogan and name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self determination for blacks.
Freedom Summer
CORE, SNCC project to register blacks to vote in MS.
Eli Whitney
Created the cotton gin.
Kerner Commission
Investigated the causes of the 1967 race riots in the USA and provided recommendations for the future.
What was formed to support Rosa Parks?
Montgomery Improvement Association
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Outlawed segregation, equal rights in public facilities. This would later be found unconstitutional.
Plessy V. Ferguson
Supreme court ruled that separate but equal is legal in the United States. Blacks now faced separate facilities which were almost always inferior to white facilities.
Nation of Islam
A and African American and Political and Religious movement founded in Detroit, by Wallace D. Ford Muhammad.
Black Panthers
African American revolutionary party, founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, this protected the blacks and was a very militant group.
15th Amendment
African Americans given the right to vote.
James Earl Ray
Assassinated MLK.
Stockley Carmichael
Became a prominent figure for the civil rights movement, he was a political advocate; Lead the SNCC and used Black Power.
Little Rock Nine
Becomes the first school district to desegregate, started with 9 African American students.
Freedom Riders
Blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together.
14th Amendment
Civil Rights Amendment- equal treatment under the law.
Slavery became important due too the...
Cotton Kingdom/Middle Passage
Booker T. Washington
Created Gradualism- he advocated A-A accept their status in society and work to improve themselves through training and education.
Morgan V. Virginia
Desegregated interstate buses.
Brown V. Board of Education
Earl Warren was the Chief Justice for the supreme court. The ruling was that segregated schools were inherently unequal. The A-A thought that this was a victory for the Africans over Plessy.
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Ended discrimination, Jim Crow laws are banned
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
Founded the Black Panthers
James Meredith
First black to enroll in the University of Ole Miss.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Formed in order to get seat in MS party.
W.E.B Dubois
Founder of the NAACP, demanded full equality of the race.
13th Amendment
Freed the slaves.
Orval Faubus
Governer of Arkansas who did not allowed for Little Rock Nine to happen.
Brown II
Integrate with "all deliberate speed".
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
Intrastate, Alabama enforced segregation on public buses. Blacks in the back. Rosa Parks was asked to give up her seat to a white man even though she was sitting in the colored section of the bus. She refused and was arrested. Martin Luther King Jr. started a nonviolent boycott where for 381 days, the African Americans found other forms of transpiration. They won, and intrastate buses were desegregated.
Slaves arrived in...
Jamestown, Virginia
Sirhan Sirhan
Jordanian immigrant who assassinated Robert Kennedy.
Sweat V. Painter
Law schools must accept black applicants
Black Codes
Laws enacted to limit the freedoms of freed Africans Americans.
Slave Codes
Laws governing behavior of slaves and owners.
Thurgood Marshall
Lawyer in the Brown Case.
Floyd McKissick
Lead the CORE.
Wallace D. Ford
Leader of the Nation of Islam.
A Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Letter written by MLK when he was in jail.
Malcolm X
Malcolm Little was his original name, he changed it due to the fact the Little was the name that he got from his slave owner. He was an African American Muslim minister and he was a human rights activist, he was later shot by two men from the Nation of Islam.
Who was the President of the SCLC? (The Southern Christian Leadership Conference )
Martin Luther King Jr.
Emmett Till
Murdered for saying "Bye Baby" to a white women.
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Popularly known as the fair housing act, prohibited discrimination concerning the sale/rental on a house based on race.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, and gender.
De Facto Segregation
Racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law.
De Jure Segregation
Rascial segregation by law.
Arrested for not giving up her seat on bus.
Rosa Parks
What did the Brown Case rule?
Schools can no longer be segregated.
Affirmative Action
States that just because of your skin color, you will be favored, gave blacks more opportunities.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Stops literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters.
Where did the slaves come from?
The African Slave Trade/ or Triangular Trade
Fannie Lou Hamer
The voice of MFDP at National Convention - wins support.
What did the SNCC( Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) accomplish, and how?
They raised awareness by doing sit-ins in places for whites.