The Brain & States of Consciousness- AP Psych

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins.

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

cerebral cortex

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

its underlying but censored meaning

Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in

movement of the mouth and lips

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

Which cognitive neuroscience term reflects the idea that "much of our everyday thinking, feeling, and acting operates outside our conscious awareness"?

dual processing

The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

association areas

Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw

ART

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?

Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.

Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

Broca's area

Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely to use which kind of brain scan?

EEG

In 1847, phineas gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior ?

Frontal lobes

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

In 1861, Paul Broca studied a stroke patient he called "Tan." He was called this because as a result of brain damage it was the only word he could pronounce. Based on Broca's early work, which of the following brain regions is involved in speech production?

Left frontal lobe

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

Visual perception

When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, "Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part." Which brain region has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke's area

Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?

Wernicke's area

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's

amygdala

Which brain area is primarily involved with reading aloud?

angular gyrus

If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of

brain plasticity

Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?

cerebellum

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm

Like his father, Martin has been abusing alcohol for many years. Using the biopsychosocial approach in helping him understand his behavior, psychologists would

examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on his alcohol use.

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a

fMRI

Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories

hippocampus

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus

The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the

hypothalamus

Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to

lapse into a coma

Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the

limbic system

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

medulla

Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. What is this process called?

neurogenesis

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following dream theories?

physiological

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to

speak fluently

When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?

sympathetic

Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

thalamus

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal