The Cell

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Which organelle serves as storage?

The Vacuole

Explain The Cell Theory

all organisms are made of cells all cells carry on life processes new cells arise from other living cells (cell division)

What are the 3 functions of the cell membrane?

-It separates the cell from the outside environment -recognizes chemical signals(hormones) -selectively permeable (controls what enters and leaves the cell)

Transport proteins

Act as pumps, using energy and moving specific substances from low to high concentration

Concentration

Amount of a substance in a given area

What provides structual support and protection?

Cell Wall (only in plants)

Define Eukaryotic.

Cells that HAVE a nucleus. Ex. plant and animal cells

Define Prokaryotic.

Cells that do NOT have a nucleus Ex. Bacteria

Define osmosis

Diffusion of water

Define Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion through a channel protein

Which organelle serves as a processing, packaging, and storage center for products released from cell?

Golgi Complex Golgi Apparatus

What is a hypertonic solution?

Higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell.

What is a hypotonic solution?

Higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside the cell

Robert Hooke

Invented the first compound microscope

Endocytosis

Materials are enclosed in a pocket along the membrane that pinches off to form a vacuole inside the cell (see notes page 9)

Define Active Transport

Movement of materials across a membrane against the concentration gradient using energy (ATP) Substances move from low to high concentration.

Define diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Are all animal cells alike?

No, they become different to perform specific functions. White blood cells Red blood cells Muscle cells

What are the two types of transport?

Passive and Active

What are the structures in the cell membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer-two layer "sandwich of molecules that surrounds the cell. Channel Proteins-transport certain molecules through the membrane Receptors-recognize specific chemical signals(hormones)

Define Passive Transport

Random movement of molecules across a membrane WITHOUT energy

Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?

The Cell Membrane.

Which organelle helps the cell divide?

The Centriole (only in animals)

Which organelle conducts photosynthesis?

The Chloroplasts (only in plants)

What is the watery substance that contains a variety of organelles?

The Cytoplasm.

Which organelle serves as a path for transport?

The Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Which organelle helps with the digestion of food?

The Lysosome.

Which organelle releases energy in food molecules for the use of cellular respiration?

The Mitochondria.

Which organelle is the control center for the cell and is made up of DNA?

The Nucleolus.

Which organelle contains the nucleolus and DNA?

The Nucleus.

What is an isotonic solution

The concentration of dissolved substances if the same inside and outside of the cell

What are the components of the cell?

The organelles

Rudolph Virchow

Theorized cells arise from pre-existing cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Used a single lensed microscope, saw living organisms


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