The Cell
Which organelle serves as storage?
The Vacuole
Explain The Cell Theory
all organisms are made of cells all cells carry on life processes new cells arise from other living cells (cell division)
What are the 3 functions of the cell membrane?
-It separates the cell from the outside environment -recognizes chemical signals(hormones) -selectively permeable (controls what enters and leaves the cell)
Transport proteins
Act as pumps, using energy and moving specific substances from low to high concentration
Concentration
Amount of a substance in a given area
What provides structual support and protection?
Cell Wall (only in plants)
Define Eukaryotic.
Cells that HAVE a nucleus. Ex. plant and animal cells
Define Prokaryotic.
Cells that do NOT have a nucleus Ex. Bacteria
Define osmosis
Diffusion of water
Define Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion through a channel protein
Which organelle serves as a processing, packaging, and storage center for products released from cell?
Golgi Complex Golgi Apparatus
What is a hypertonic solution?
Higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Higher concentration of water outside the cell than inside the cell
Robert Hooke
Invented the first compound microscope
Endocytosis
Materials are enclosed in a pocket along the membrane that pinches off to form a vacuole inside the cell (see notes page 9)
Define Active Transport
Movement of materials across a membrane against the concentration gradient using energy (ATP) Substances move from low to high concentration.
Define diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Are all animal cells alike?
No, they become different to perform specific functions. White blood cells Red blood cells Muscle cells
What are the two types of transport?
Passive and Active
What are the structures in the cell membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer-two layer "sandwich of molecules that surrounds the cell. Channel Proteins-transport certain molecules through the membrane Receptors-recognize specific chemical signals(hormones)
Define Passive Transport
Random movement of molecules across a membrane WITHOUT energy
Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?
The Cell Membrane.
Which organelle helps the cell divide?
The Centriole (only in animals)
Which organelle conducts photosynthesis?
The Chloroplasts (only in plants)
What is the watery substance that contains a variety of organelles?
The Cytoplasm.
Which organelle serves as a path for transport?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Which organelle helps with the digestion of food?
The Lysosome.
Which organelle releases energy in food molecules for the use of cellular respiration?
The Mitochondria.
Which organelle is the control center for the cell and is made up of DNA?
The Nucleolus.
Which organelle contains the nucleolus and DNA?
The Nucleus.
What is an isotonic solution
The concentration of dissolved substances if the same inside and outside of the cell
What are the components of the cell?
The organelles
Rudolph Virchow
Theorized cells arise from pre-existing cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Used a single lensed microscope, saw living organisms
