The Cell Theory

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What phrase did Hooke use to describe the pieces of cork under the double lens microscope?

"A great many boxes" Cellulae

What is another name for organelle, a membrane bound structure?

"Pseudo tissues/organs"

Between ____ and ____ discoveries and the mid 19th century, very little cell advancements were made.

Hooke Leeuwenhoek

What did Schleiden also wonder after stating that all plants are made up of similar tiny units?

If nucleus was related to cell development

What is Virchow's theory about where cells come from?

Individual cells were dividing into two daughter cells All cells arise from preexisting living cells and not spontaneously from their own crystalline structures

Louis Pasteur

Later conclusively disproved spontaneous generation after Francisco Redi

Who was probably one of the first people to observe sperm and red blood cells that he called ____.

Leeuwenhoek "Animalcules"

Hooke wasn't even observing ____ cells. He was observing ____.

Living Dead plant cell walls

Name 3 examples of "spontaneous generation".

Maggots from rotting meat Frogs falling from sky when raining Mice come from clothes and corn after 21 days

1838- German Botanist, ____, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.

Matthias Schleiden

Who concluded that all plants are made up of similar tiny units after observing pattern while studying plant cells?

Matthias Schleiden

Who came up with the first cell theory?

Matthias Schleiden Theodore Schwann

What has led to a depth of understanding of cells that these early scientists couldn't have even imagined?

Modern understanding brought about by great improvements in microscopy, tech, and genetics

What arose about spontaneous generation?

Much doubt

Robert Brown

Named the nucleus

What are the basis for things such as disease, health, medical research and cures?

The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory

What did Matthias Schleiden study?

The stems, petals, flowers, and roots of all types of plants

1839- German physiologist, ____, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

Theodore Schwann

Who used the word cellulae to describe what he saw?

Hooke

What are the 3 basic components of the Cell Theory?

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things 3. All cells come from the division of preexisting cells

What are the 4 statements from the Modern Cell Theory?

1. Cell contains hereditary info (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division 2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities 3. All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells 4. Cell activity depends on the activities of organelles and other cell parts

How many individual cells does the average human have?

100 trillion

How many years passed before more discoveries and observations were made?

150-200 year time gap

The first steps toward developing the cell theory were made in the ____.

1600s

Robert Hooke

1665 English Scientist Discovered cells while looking at thin slice of cork Described cells as tiny boxes/honeycomb Thought cells only existed in plants and fungi Cellulae

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

1673 Used handmade microscope to observe pond scum Discovered single-called organism "animalcules" Observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans Cells found in both animals and plants

When was the first cell theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann?

1838

The modern cell theory contains ____ additional statements to the original cell theory.

4

How many cells would it take to cover the area of a dot on the letter "i"?

50

How many component make up the cell theory?

7

What does cell activity depend on?

Activities of organelles and other cell parts

When did Hooke observe thinly sliced pieces of cork?

After creating much stronger magnification with double lens microscope

What did Virchow discover that is apart of the cell theory?

All cells come from the division of preexisting cells

What did Schleiden and Schwann discover that is apart of the cell theory?

All organisms are composed of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things

What did Schwann theorize about cells?

Although they are part of a whole organism, cells also have an individual life of their own

What shopkeeper and glassmaker around 1676 observed pond water with his microscope?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

1673 - Used handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered single-called organisms that he called "animalcules".

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who called the single-called organisms "animalcules"?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who observed blood cell from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Spontaneous generation

Belief that organisms arose from non-living matter

What did Virchow study with other scientists on which he based his theory on?

Cell growth Reproduction

What seems to be the basic unit after Schleiden's and Schwann's discoveries?

Cells

Animals and plants consist of what two things?

Cells Cell products

After Leeuwenhoek, it was known that ____.

Cells found in animals as well as plants

What was Rudolf Virchow able to capture in his extensive study of cellular pathology?

Cells in the mitosis stage; cells dividing and splitting

Latin word meaning "little rooms"?

Cellulae

What was the origin of the biological term "cell"?

Cellulae Little rooms Great many little boxes

What did Rudolf Virchow study?

Cellular pathology

All basic ____ and ____ functions are carried out ____ the cells.

Chemical Physiological Inside

What is each cell organized with?

Compartments that are organelles

All cells are basically the same in what two activities?

Composition Metabolic

What was the cork comprised of when Hooke looked at it through a microscope?

Dead xylem cells of cell wall

Franz Baur

Described cell nucleus

Francisco Redi

Did experiments to disprove spontaneous generation

How has the cell theory been used?

Disease Health Medical research and cures AIDS Cancer Vaccines Cloning Stem cell research Etc...

What 4 reactions and similar "things" are apart of metabolic activities?

Enzyme reactions Cellular respiration Similar macromolecules (protein, lipid, carb, nucleic acid) Similar elements

What did Schleiden hypothesize in response to his wonderment about if the nucleus was related to cell development?

Every plant cell develops as independent unit even though it is part of the plant

Who did experiments that disproved spontaneous generation?

Francisco Redi and Louis Pasteur

Who described the cell nucleus?

Franz Baur

Who is considered one of the first to record a biological observation made with a microscope?

Galileo Galilei

Matthias Schleiden

German Botanist In 1838, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

German physician In 1858, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells

Theodore Schwann

German physiologist In 1839, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells

What did Theodore Schwann study that led to him stating that all animal tissues are composed of cells?

Heart Liver Kidney Lung

The cell contains ____ information which is passed on from cell to cell during ____.

Hereditary Cell division

Did Leeuwenhoek and Hooke ever see the impact that their discoveries had on the world of science? Why or why not?

No More than 100 years passed before connection made between cellular structure of what they observed and the existence of cells in animals or plants

Did Galileo create the first microscope? When he studied the insect's eyes, was a considered a scientist in the early part of the 1600s?

No No

How was the cell theory made?

Observations of many scientists, both published and unpublished

By the late 1600s, what was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek publishing?

Observations of natural phenomena everywhere, including bacteria from scrapings of tartar on his teeth

What did Galileo Galilei do?

Placed 2 glass lenses inside cylinder to create scientific tool Observed insects and described eyes as compound eyes Considered one of the first to record biological observation made with a microscope

Who was the nucleus named by?

Robert Brown

In 1665 - English Scientist, ____, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.

Robert Hooke

Who created a single lens microscope under which he observed bacteria and Protozoa?

Robert Hooke

Who described the cells as tiny boxes or honeycombs?

Robert Hooke

Who thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi?

Robert Hooke

1858- ____, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.

Rudolf Virchow

____ stated that animals and plants consist of cells and cell products.

Schwann

What did Hooke create and what did he observe using his creation?

Single lens microscope Bacteria and Protozoa

The 150-200 year time gap was probably due to what widely accepted, traditional belief?

Spontaneous generation

Where inside the cell are all basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out?

Tissue

What major question remained even after all of the amazing discoveries?

Where do cells come from

The modification of the cell theory was made after ____.

Work of Virchow


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