The Cell Theory
What phrase did Hooke use to describe the pieces of cork under the double lens microscope?
"A great many boxes" Cellulae
What is another name for organelle, a membrane bound structure?
"Pseudo tissues/organs"
Between ____ and ____ discoveries and the mid 19th century, very little cell advancements were made.
Hooke Leeuwenhoek
What did Schleiden also wonder after stating that all plants are made up of similar tiny units?
If nucleus was related to cell development
What is Virchow's theory about where cells come from?
Individual cells were dividing into two daughter cells All cells arise from preexisting living cells and not spontaneously from their own crystalline structures
Louis Pasteur
Later conclusively disproved spontaneous generation after Francisco Redi
Who was probably one of the first people to observe sperm and red blood cells that he called ____.
Leeuwenhoek "Animalcules"
Hooke wasn't even observing ____ cells. He was observing ____.
Living Dead plant cell walls
Name 3 examples of "spontaneous generation".
Maggots from rotting meat Frogs falling from sky when raining Mice come from clothes and corn after 21 days
1838- German Botanist, ____, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
Who concluded that all plants are made up of similar tiny units after observing pattern while studying plant cells?
Matthias Schleiden
Who came up with the first cell theory?
Matthias Schleiden Theodore Schwann
What has led to a depth of understanding of cells that these early scientists couldn't have even imagined?
Modern understanding brought about by great improvements in microscopy, tech, and genetics
What arose about spontaneous generation?
Much doubt
Robert Brown
Named the nucleus
What are the basis for things such as disease, health, medical research and cures?
The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in the Cell Theory
What did Matthias Schleiden study?
The stems, petals, flowers, and roots of all types of plants
1839- German physiologist, ____, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.
Theodore Schwann
Who used the word cellulae to describe what he saw?
Hooke
What are the 3 basic components of the Cell Theory?
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things 3. All cells come from the division of preexisting cells
What are the 4 statements from the Modern Cell Theory?
1. Cell contains hereditary info (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division 2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities 3. All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells 4. Cell activity depends on the activities of organelles and other cell parts
How many individual cells does the average human have?
100 trillion
How many years passed before more discoveries and observations were made?
150-200 year time gap
The first steps toward developing the cell theory were made in the ____.
1600s
Robert Hooke
1665 English Scientist Discovered cells while looking at thin slice of cork Described cells as tiny boxes/honeycomb Thought cells only existed in plants and fungi Cellulae
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1673 Used handmade microscope to observe pond scum Discovered single-called organism "animalcules" Observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans Cells found in both animals and plants
When was the first cell theory proposed by Schleiden and Schwann?
1838
The modern cell theory contains ____ additional statements to the original cell theory.
4
How many cells would it take to cover the area of a dot on the letter "i"?
50
How many component make up the cell theory?
7
What does cell activity depend on?
Activities of organelles and other cell parts
When did Hooke observe thinly sliced pieces of cork?
After creating much stronger magnification with double lens microscope
What did Virchow discover that is apart of the cell theory?
All cells come from the division of preexisting cells
What did Schleiden and Schwann discover that is apart of the cell theory?
All organisms are composed of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
What did Schwann theorize about cells?
Although they are part of a whole organism, cells also have an individual life of their own
What shopkeeper and glassmaker around 1676 observed pond water with his microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
1673 - Used handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered single-called organisms that he called "animalcules".
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who called the single-called organisms "animalcules"?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who observed blood cell from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Spontaneous generation
Belief that organisms arose from non-living matter
What did Virchow study with other scientists on which he based his theory on?
Cell growth Reproduction
What seems to be the basic unit after Schleiden's and Schwann's discoveries?
Cells
Animals and plants consist of what two things?
Cells Cell products
After Leeuwenhoek, it was known that ____.
Cells found in animals as well as plants
What was Rudolf Virchow able to capture in his extensive study of cellular pathology?
Cells in the mitosis stage; cells dividing and splitting
Latin word meaning "little rooms"?
Cellulae
What was the origin of the biological term "cell"?
Cellulae Little rooms Great many little boxes
What did Rudolf Virchow study?
Cellular pathology
All basic ____ and ____ functions are carried out ____ the cells.
Chemical Physiological Inside
What is each cell organized with?
Compartments that are organelles
All cells are basically the same in what two activities?
Composition Metabolic
What was the cork comprised of when Hooke looked at it through a microscope?
Dead xylem cells of cell wall
Franz Baur
Described cell nucleus
Francisco Redi
Did experiments to disprove spontaneous generation
How has the cell theory been used?
Disease Health Medical research and cures AIDS Cancer Vaccines Cloning Stem cell research Etc...
What 4 reactions and similar "things" are apart of metabolic activities?
Enzyme reactions Cellular respiration Similar macromolecules (protein, lipid, carb, nucleic acid) Similar elements
What did Schleiden hypothesize in response to his wonderment about if the nucleus was related to cell development?
Every plant cell develops as independent unit even though it is part of the plant
Who did experiments that disproved spontaneous generation?
Francisco Redi and Louis Pasteur
Who described the cell nucleus?
Franz Baur
Who is considered one of the first to record a biological observation made with a microscope?
Galileo Galilei
Matthias Schleiden
German Botanist In 1838, concluded that all plant parts are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
German physician In 1858, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells
Theodore Schwann
German physiologist In 1839, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells
What did Theodore Schwann study that led to him stating that all animal tissues are composed of cells?
Heart Liver Kidney Lung
The cell contains ____ information which is passed on from cell to cell during ____.
Hereditary Cell division
Did Leeuwenhoek and Hooke ever see the impact that their discoveries had on the world of science? Why or why not?
No More than 100 years passed before connection made between cellular structure of what they observed and the existence of cells in animals or plants
Did Galileo create the first microscope? When he studied the insect's eyes, was a considered a scientist in the early part of the 1600s?
No No
How was the cell theory made?
Observations of many scientists, both published and unpublished
By the late 1600s, what was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek publishing?
Observations of natural phenomena everywhere, including bacteria from scrapings of tartar on his teeth
What did Galileo Galilei do?
Placed 2 glass lenses inside cylinder to create scientific tool Observed insects and described eyes as compound eyes Considered one of the first to record biological observation made with a microscope
Who was the nucleus named by?
Robert Brown
In 1665 - English Scientist, ____, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.
Robert Hooke
Who created a single lens microscope under which he observed bacteria and Protozoa?
Robert Hooke
Who described the cells as tiny boxes or honeycombs?
Robert Hooke
Who thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi?
Robert Hooke
1858- ____, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
____ stated that animals and plants consist of cells and cell products.
Schwann
What did Hooke create and what did he observe using his creation?
Single lens microscope Bacteria and Protozoa
The 150-200 year time gap was probably due to what widely accepted, traditional belief?
Spontaneous generation
Where inside the cell are all basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out?
Tissue
What major question remained even after all of the amazing discoveries?
Where do cells come from
The modification of the cell theory was made after ____.
Work of Virchow
