THE ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH Chapter 2

Utilitarianism

"teleology"; Meaning greatest good for the greatest number of people. The process often includes a cost/benefit analysis.

Utilitarianism

(also known as teleology) the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Beneficence

refers to the benefits of a study as opposed to its risks

Justice principle

refers to the fairness of processes and rewards when dealing with others

Privacy

researchers must identify themselves when conducting a study, avoid unwanted intrusion, and set interviews at mutually convenient times.

Interactive Justice

Communication used in the relationship

The Right's Principle

Compares to the Golden Rule; A decision is ethical when it is the same decision most people would make based on universal morals.

Confidentiality

Data collected in the research process is not to be sheared in any way that it can be identified with any particular individual.

Moral Philosophy

Described by Aristotle as a decision in a certain situation is one a mature person with good character would make.

Debrief

informs the study subjects of the results and conclusions on the research.

Procedural Justice

involves the "rules of the game" and if followed.

Deception

Occurs when study subjects are lead to believe something the researcher knows is not true.

Autonomy

People's freedom to make their own decisions and to choose the activities they wish to engage in and which activities to avoid.

ethics

from the Greek "ethos"

Code of standards

address client confidentiality, duty of care to the environment and community, conflicts of interest, fair pricing policies, equitable treatment of employees, quality management/assurance, non-discrimination policies, and corporate citizenship.

Moral Philosophy

also known as virtue ethics; This school of thought posits that ethical decisions are based on one's moral virtue.

Ethics in marketing

consumers rely on research for purchase decisions

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

created to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans.

Relativism

decisions based on the people around them or the specific context in which they find themselves. Ethics change as context changes.

Distributive Justice

equitable determination of rewards

Informed consent

the researchers fully dosclose the purposes and procedures involved in the research and obtains an affirmative acceptance from the subject before the research begins.

Ethics

the set of values and standards we use to make decisions about right and wrong

Rights principle

this principle holds that a decision is ethical when it is the same decision most people would make based on universal morals (i.e., morals held by all people such as respect for life). This leads to the concept that an ethical decision is correct if it can be applied to all similar situations

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

voluntary organization representing 163 countries, develops common standards of measurement and quality to facilitate world trade.