The Industrial Revolution Quiz Review Modules 15.1 & 15.3

Impact of the Railways

Be able to describe the impact that the railways had on society! (See your 15.1 Notes)

How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the Agricultural Revolution increase crop yields?

- Crop rotation increased crop yields because it rotated certain types of crops that replenished the soil --> Farmers plant a single crop in an enclosure -->Certain crops absorb specific nutrients in the soil --> after that one crop is harvested, a different crop is planted in that enclosure that absorbs or replenishes the soil of nutrients

What impact did technological advances have on industry?

- Inventions transformed many industries -FOCUS: Textile Industry --> spinning jenny/mule mechanized the production of cloth -->spinning & weaving were once done in homes, but with the rise of new technology, the work was done in factories - Inventions increased production => huge output, high profits.

What were the results of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain?

- More effective farming techniques (ex. Jethro Tull's Seed Drill [think to when I tossed candy at you]) - The food supply increased - Size of livestock increased - larger families, longer life span

How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?

- Scientific farming led to increased output (more crops) - More food = larger families, longer life spans - Left many common folk without jobs (their farms were purchased for enclosure) - interest in science sparked industry (Enlightenment ideas spreading) - many common folk went to industrial centers for work

Factors of Production

- The resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required --> land --> labor --> capital --> enterprise

What were the water frame and spinning mule used for? Where were they most used?

- Water frame: created by Sir Richard Arkwright (owner of the first factory Cromford Mill); harnessed the power of water to power machines in his mill -Spinning mule: hybrid of the spinning jenny (machine used to create cloth) & Arkwright's water frame--- automated/mechanized the process of producing cloth - These were used in textile factories -FUN FACT: a "jenny" is a female mule

How did the process of enclosure change farming?

- When wealthy landowners took over and consolidated land formerly owned by peasant farmers during the Agricultural Revolution, they were able to experiment with various farming techniques and improve crop yields. - Allowed for more crops to be planted; the first commercial farms were produced from enclosures

How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?

- had an expanding economy (bank system with enough money to support industry; able to loan money) - was politically stable (did not experience revolution at this time) - had large population of workers -extensive natural resources =essentially, Britain had all the factors of production

Entrepreneur

-A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of business

Corporation

-Businesses owned by stockholders who share in its profits, but are not responsible for its debts -ex. John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company or Apple or Disney or Amazon, etc.

What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?

-Steam engine: used in trains -launched the Railway Age that increased the transportation of people and materials all over Britain -ex. Liverpool-Manchester rail line

Industrialization

-The process of developing machine production of goods -Requires: -->Water power & coal to fuel machines --> Iron ore to construct machines, tools, buildings -->Rivers for inland transportation -->Harbors for merchant ships

What is stock?

Certain rights of ownership

enclosure

Large fenced in fields that allowed wealthy landowners to cultivate more crops

Crop Rotation

System of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

What was the first sector to undergo industrialization

TEXTILES!