The Larynx
what are the functions of the larynx?
1. air passageway to the lungs 2. assistance in voice production 3. valve - prevent foreign substances from entering the lungs - regulates thoracic pressure
name the components of the arytenoid cartilages.
1. concave BASE that articulates with cricoid cartilage 2. APEX that articulates with corniculate cartilage 3.MEDIAL surface 4. ANTEROLATERAL surface (depressions, attachment of muscles/ligaments)
name the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx
1. cricothyroid ligament 2. vocal ligament 3. quadrangular membrane
name the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
1. cricothyroid muscles 2. posterior cricothryoid muscles 3. lateral cricoarytenoid muscles 4. transverse arytenoid muscles 5. oblique arytenoid muscles 6. thryoarytenoid muscles 7. vocalis muscles
what are the innervations of the larynx?
1. external branch superior laryngeal nerve 2. internal branch superior laryngeal nerve 3. recurrent laryngeal nerve
the posterior surces of the cricoid cartilage has 3 distinct structures. what are they?
1. oval depressions (attachment of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles) 2. vertical ridge (attachment of esophagus) 3. facets
name the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx
1. thyrohyoid membrane 2. cricotracheal ligament 3. hyo-epiglottic ligament
name the components of the vocal cord (folds) that are part of the glottis.
1. vocal ligament 2. mucous membrane 3. vocalis muscle 4. thyroarytenoid muscle
which muscle extends into the aryepiglottic fold?
OAM
what structure is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages and has a "shield-like" shape, and a laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)?
Thyroid cartilage **has two laminas (right and left), oblique line
what is the function of the PCM?
abduction of the vocal cords opening movement of the rima loss of function is life-threatening
what is the function of LCAM?
adduct the vocal cords
cuneiform cartilages are smaller cartilages that are ______shaped.
club-shaped
what cartilage has a small conical cartilages, bases articulate with apices of arytenoid cartilage, and apices project toward each other?
corniculate cartilage
the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage forms a facet to articulate with _________.
cricoid cartilage
what structure is the most inferior of the laryngeal cartilages, encircles the airway, and is a "ring-like" shape?
cricoid cartilage
what cartilage is suspended in the membrane of the larynx that attaches the arytenoid cartilages and the lateral margin of the epiglottis?
cuneiform cartilages *also anterior to corniculate cartilages
what is the inferior half of the posterior surface called on the epiglottis?
epiglottic tubercle
what structure is a leaf-shaped cartilage that is attached to the thyroid cartilage?
epiglottis upper margin is behind the pharyngeal part of the tongue
what nerve is the motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle?
external laryngeal nerve
what structure is the vocal apparatus of the larynx?
glottis
the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage is connected to which bone?
hyoid bone *lateral thyrohyoid ligament
what nerve is the sensory innervation to mucosa above the glottis?
internal laryngeal nerve
what structure is a musculoligamentous structure, has a cartilagnous framework, and caps the lower respiratory tract?
larynx
the shape of the rima is influenced by what?
movement of the arytenoid cartilage
the arytenoid cartilages are what shaped cartilages?
pyramid-shaped
What nerve provides sensory innervation to mucosa below the glottis and motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is the narrowest constriction of the airway
rima
what is the function of the CTM?
rotate cricoid cartilage up vocal cords are tensed raise the pitch of voice
what is the rima glottidis?
space between the vocal ligaments lined with mucous membrane
what are the blood supplies of the larynx?
superior and inferior laryngeal artery
what are the veins for the larynx?
superior and inferior laryngeal vein
The thyroid cartilage has a posterior margin that forms _______ and _______ horns.
superior, inferior
the larynx has three large unpaired cartilages and three smaller cartilages. name them.
unpaired cartilages 1. thyroid 2. cricoid 3. epiglottis Smaller cartilages 1. arytenoid 2. corniculate 3.cuneiform *also has fibro-elastic membrane, ligaments and intrinsic muscles
