The Muscular System of the dog or cat

what is the sarcomere

basic contacting unit of skeletal muscle

what is the location of a muscle

biceps bracii muscle is located in the brachial region

what do the brachial muscles consists of

biceps branchii muscle triceps branchii muscle

what does the pelvic limb muscles consist of

biceps femoris muscle semimembranosus muscle semitendinosus muscle

what does the masseter muscle do

closes the jaw

what is endomysium

composed of fine, reticular fibers, surrounds each muscle fiber (individual inside)

what is perimysium

composed of reticular fibers and thick collagen fibers; surrounds fascicles (around)

What are some functions of the Head and neck muscle

controls facial expressions enables mastication move structures such as the eyes and ears supports the head allow the head and neck to flex, extend, and move laterally

What is the shape of a muscle

deltoid means "triangular" shaped

what are the inspiratory muscles

diaphragm external intercoastal muscles

what does the spleius and trapezius muscles do

extend the head and neck

what doest the extensor carpi radialis muscle do

extends the carpus

what does the triceps branchii muscle do

extends the elbow

what does the carpal and digital muscles consist of

extensor carpi radialis muscle deep digital flexor muscle

what does the gastrocnemius muscle do

extensor muscle of the hock (ankle)

what layers are found in the abdominal muscle

external abdominal oblique muscle internal abdominal oblique muscle rectus abdominal oblique muscle transverse abdominal oblique muscle

What are tendons

fibrous connective tissue bands

Epimysium

fibrous layer of composed of tough collagen fibers; surround groups of muscle fasciles (surrounds groups)

what does the deep digital flexor muscle do

flexes the digits

what does the biceps branchii muscle do

flexes the elbow

what does the brachiocephalicus muscle do

flexes the head and neck

what does the sternocephalicus muscle do

flexes the head and neck

what does the latissimus dorsi muscle do

flexes the shoulder

what is the action of a muscle

flexor muscle, extensor muscle

what is sinostrial (SA) node

generates he impulse that starts each heartbeat located in the wall of the right atrium

what is Glucose stored in the muscle as

glycogen

what is fascicles

groups of skeletal muscle fibers (groups)

what does glucose and oxygen do during muscle contraction

help produce ATP and CP

what do the connective tissue layers do

hold components if the muscle together contain the blood vessels and nerve fibers that supply the muscle fibers continuous with tendons or aponeuroses that connect muscle to bones or other muscles

what are the functions of muscle respiration

increase and decrease the size of the thoratic cavity

what does the parasympathetic fiber do

inhibit cardiac function, causing the heart to beat more slowly and with less force

what are the expiratory muscles

internal intercostal muscles abdominal muscles

what does acetylcholine do during muscle contraction and relaxation

is released into the synaptic space molecules bind to receptors on the surface of the sarcolemma

what are the three phrases of muscle contraction

latent phase contracting phase relaxation phase

how long does each phase last

latent phase-10ms contracting phase- 40 ms relaxation phase-50 ms

what are the superficial muscles of the shoulder region

latissimus dorsi muscle pectoral muscle deltoid muscle

what does the quadriceps femoris muscle do

main extensor muscle of the stifle joint(knee)

what is fixator

muscles that stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place

what is oxygen stored as

myoglobin

what is the neuromuscular junction

nerves and muscles separated by the synpatic space

what type of bands do skeletal muscles have

A bands= thick I bands=thin

what is the motor unit

one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates muscles that make small, delicate movements have only a few muscle fibers per nerve fiber in each motor unit large powerful muscles may have a hundred or more muscle fibers per motor unit

what does the pectoral muscle do

one superficial and one deep; adduct the front leg

what are two major muscle of the pelvic limb

quadriceps femoris muscle gastrocnemius muscle

what is the direction of fibers

retus means "straight"

What are aponeuroses

sheets of fibrous connective tissue

What is insertion

site that undergoes most of the movement when a muscle contracts

What are three different types of muscles

skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle

small cells with single nucleous intercalated disks

what is sympathetic fibers do

stimulate the heart to beat harder and faster as part of the "fight or flight" response

what are the functions of the abdominal muscle

support the abdominal organs help flex the back participate in various functions that involve straining play a role in respiration

What is the orgin

the more stable of a muscle's attachment sites

what is the cutaneous muscle

thin, broad, superficial muscle found in the fascia just beneath the skin little or no attachment to bones serve to twitch the skin

what are the characteristics of the skeletal muscle cell

very large multinucleate (more than one nucleous) numerous myofibrils composed of actin and myosin

what are two main forms of smooth muscle gross anatomy

visceral smooth muscle large sheets of cells in the walls of some hollow organs multiunit smooth muscle small, discrete groups of cells

where is the visceral muscle found

walls of many internal organs

What is the antagonist

a muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of a prime mover

What is the prime mover(agonist)

a muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement

What is synergist

a muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out its action

what does the deltoid muscle do

abducts and flexes the shoulder joint

what are the characteristics of muscles

all-or-nothing principle