The Muscular System of the dog or cat
what is the sarcomere
basic contacting unit of skeletal muscle
what is the location of a muscle
biceps bracii muscle is located in the brachial region
what do the brachial muscles consists of
biceps branchii muscle triceps branchii muscle
what does the pelvic limb muscles consist of
biceps femoris muscle semimembranosus muscle semitendinosus muscle
what does the masseter muscle do
closes the jaw
what is endomysium
composed of fine, reticular fibers, surrounds each muscle fiber (individual inside)
what is perimysium
composed of reticular fibers and thick collagen fibers; surrounds fascicles (around)
What are some functions of the Head and neck muscle
controls facial expressions enables mastication move structures such as the eyes and ears supports the head allow the head and neck to flex, extend, and move laterally
What is the shape of a muscle
deltoid means "triangular" shaped
what are the inspiratory muscles
diaphragm external intercoastal muscles
what does the spleius and trapezius muscles do
extend the head and neck
what doest the extensor carpi radialis muscle do
extends the carpus
what does the triceps branchii muscle do
extends the elbow
what does the carpal and digital muscles consist of
extensor carpi radialis muscle deep digital flexor muscle
what does the gastrocnemius muscle do
extensor muscle of the hock (ankle)
what layers are found in the abdominal muscle
external abdominal oblique muscle internal abdominal oblique muscle rectus abdominal oblique muscle transverse abdominal oblique muscle
What are tendons
fibrous connective tissue bands
Epimysium
fibrous layer of composed of tough collagen fibers; surround groups of muscle fasciles (surrounds groups)
what does the deep digital flexor muscle do
flexes the digits
what does the biceps branchii muscle do
flexes the elbow
what does the brachiocephalicus muscle do
flexes the head and neck
what does the sternocephalicus muscle do
flexes the head and neck
what does the latissimus dorsi muscle do
flexes the shoulder
what is the action of a muscle
flexor muscle, extensor muscle
what is sinostrial (SA) node
generates he impulse that starts each heartbeat located in the wall of the right atrium
what is Glucose stored in the muscle as
glycogen
what is fascicles
groups of skeletal muscle fibers (groups)
what does glucose and oxygen do during muscle contraction
help produce ATP and CP
what do the connective tissue layers do
hold components if the muscle together contain the blood vessels and nerve fibers that supply the muscle fibers continuous with tendons or aponeuroses that connect muscle to bones or other muscles
what are the functions of muscle respiration
increase and decrease the size of the thoratic cavity
what does the parasympathetic fiber do
inhibit cardiac function, causing the heart to beat more slowly and with less force
what are the expiratory muscles
internal intercostal muscles abdominal muscles
what does acetylcholine do during muscle contraction and relaxation
is released into the synaptic space molecules bind to receptors on the surface of the sarcolemma
what are the three phrases of muscle contraction
latent phase contracting phase relaxation phase
how long does each phase last
latent phase-10ms contracting phase- 40 ms relaxation phase-50 ms
what are the superficial muscles of the shoulder region
latissimus dorsi muscle pectoral muscle deltoid muscle
what does the quadriceps femoris muscle do
main extensor muscle of the stifle joint(knee)
what is fixator
muscles that stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place
what is oxygen stored as
myoglobin
what is the neuromuscular junction
nerves and muscles separated by the synpatic space
what type of bands do skeletal muscles have
A bands= thick I bands=thin
what is the motor unit
one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates muscles that make small, delicate movements have only a few muscle fibers per nerve fiber in each motor unit large powerful muscles may have a hundred or more muscle fibers per motor unit
what does the pectoral muscle do
one superficial and one deep; adduct the front leg
what are two major muscle of the pelvic limb
quadriceps femoris muscle gastrocnemius muscle
what is the direction of fibers
retus means "straight"
What are aponeuroses
sheets of fibrous connective tissue
What is insertion
site that undergoes most of the movement when a muscle contracts
What are three different types of muscles
skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle
what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle
small cells with single nucleous intercalated disks
what is sympathetic fibers do
stimulate the heart to beat harder and faster as part of the "fight or flight" response
what are the functions of the abdominal muscle
support the abdominal organs help flex the back participate in various functions that involve straining play a role in respiration
What is the orgin
the more stable of a muscle's attachment sites
what is the cutaneous muscle
thin, broad, superficial muscle found in the fascia just beneath the skin little or no attachment to bones serve to twitch the skin
what are the characteristics of the skeletal muscle cell
very large multinucleate (more than one nucleous) numerous myofibrils composed of actin and myosin
what are two main forms of smooth muscle gross anatomy
visceral smooth muscle large sheets of cells in the walls of some hollow organs multiunit smooth muscle small, discrete groups of cells
where is the visceral muscle found
walls of many internal organs
What is the antagonist
a muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of a prime mover
What is the prime mover(agonist)
a muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement
What is synergist
a muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out its action
what does the deltoid muscle do
abducts and flexes the shoulder joint
what are the characteristics of muscles
all-or-nothing principle
