The nervous system

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain

12

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord

31

Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted

Action potential

Which disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with shortage of acetylcholine

Alzheimer's disease

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the rural sinuses via the

Arachnoid granulations

Which nervous system subdivision is a chain o two neurons consisting of a perganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neurons

Autonomic

The sympathetic and parasympathetic division are two arms of the

Autonomic nervous system

Ricky quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this

Autonomic reflex

What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles

Axon terminals

What best describes bipolar neurons

Bipolar neurons are found in special sense organs such as the eyes and nose

Fibers that carry information from the skin joints and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are

Both somatic and sensory

The midbrain, pond and medulla oblongata are housed in the the

Brain stem

Damage to he cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with

Breathing

Sally has brain injury she knows what she wants to say but can vocalize the words the part of her brain that's deals with the ability to say words properly is the

Broca's area

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

Calcium

Wendy has a few alcoholic drinks the. Found walking and maintaining her balance was difficult What type of her brain was sedated by the alchol

Cerebellum

What Brian dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies as by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel

Cerebrovascular accident (cab) or stroke

Which of the following brain dysfunction is also known as a stroke

Cerebrovascular accident (cva)

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerve that exit spinal cord from superior to inferior

Cervical

The sciatic nerve splits to form which two nerves

Common tubular and tibial nerves

What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)

Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

What specific part of the midbrain houses reflex centers for vision and hearing

Corpora quadrigemina

The large fiber tract that allows communications between the two cerebral hemispheres is

Corpus callosum

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cit ululates through all of the following except

Corpus callosum

Which cranial nerve controls eye movements

Cranial nerve iii iv vi

Which of the following statements about aging is most accurate

Despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed therefore additional learning can occur throughout life

What part of the spinal cord nerve contains sensory nerves only

Dorsal root ganglion

Which violates neuroglial cerebrospinal fluid

Ependymal cells

The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves

False

A stroke in the primary motor area had caused don to lose control over his skeletal muscles in the right side of his body What love of his brain was damaged

Frontal lobe

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body such as motor neurons and interneurons (associations neurons) structurally classifieds

Multipolar

Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are

Myelinated

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron

Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.

The gap between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called

Nodes of ranvier

What is the name of the cranial nerve 3

Oculomotor

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division

Parasympathetic

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory Cortez located

Parietal

The______is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers

Perineurium

The delicate innermost membrane or meninges looks layer that clings to the surface of the brain

Pia

The central rami of the spinal nerve form a complex network of nerves known as a

Plexus

An action potential is caused by an influx of ______ions into the cells

Sodium

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlated to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse

Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward The membrane becomes depolarizered potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward The membrane becomes reploarized

What do central roots and clorsal roots fuse to form

SpinAl nerves

What congenital disorder results when the vertebrae fail to form completely around the spinal cord typically in the lumbosacral region

Spina bifida

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ans) mobilizes the body during the extreme situation such as rage or fear

Sympathetic division

The GAO between two communicating neurons is termed

Synaptic cleft

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the

axon

The term central nervous system refers to the

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons

breathing

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ____.

The all-or-none response

Which of the following is an alternate name for the parasympathetic nervous system

The carniosacral division

Ganglia are collections of

cell bodies

What are two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system

central and peripheral

What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby

cerebral palsy

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system

True

What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Vagus

Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for senses of hearing and balance

Veatibulocovhlear

Which of the following is not a major region of the brain

Ventral ramus

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord from superior to inferior

cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as

choroid plexuses

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:

medulla oblongata

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called

meninges

The blood brain barrier is effective against the passage of

metabolic waste such as urea

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.

neuroglia

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the

parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus

phrenic

The hypothalamus regulates the

pituitary gland

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed

proprioceptors

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called:

saltatory conduction

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized

sodium ions

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?

somatic

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:

sympathetic nervous system

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex

thalamus

Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the

thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

white, gray

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the:

Hypothalamus

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area

Inability to voluntarily move skeletal musclrs

The spinal cord terminated by vertebra

L3

Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction which type of sensory receptors detect this sensation

Lamellar corpuscle

The hypothalamus is the emotional/ visceral center of the brain and this is an important part of the

Lirubive system

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres if rhe brain

Longitudinal fissures

Mr. warren has a spinal cord damage that prevents nerves impulses from being carried from the CNS to the muscles or glands. What specific type of neurons as been damaged

Motor neuron

during repolarization what ions are pumped out of the cells

Potassium

Immediately after an action potential is propagated which one of the following ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell into the tissue fluid

Potassium ions

Each spinal nerves divides into dorsal and a ventrual

Ramus

Which of the following is the correct sequeuin a typical reflex arc

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron receptor

A special group of neuro in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake -sleep cycle is the

Reticular activating system (ras)

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve belongs to the _______nerve plexus

Sacral

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

Schwann cells

The blood brain barrier is formed by______junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain

Tight

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system

decreases heart rate

The thalamus hypothalamus and epithalamus collectively constitute the

dicephalon (interbrain)

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Which of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths going from the outermost to the innermost layer

epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

In contrast to the somatic nervous system the autonomic nervous system

has a chain of two motor neurons

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways

interneurons (association neurons)

What are two major functional properties of neurons

irritability and conductivity

cerebrospinal fluid

is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses