The nervous system
How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord
31
Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted
Action potential
Which disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with shortage of acetylcholine
Alzheimer's disease
Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the rural sinuses via the
Arachnoid granulations
Which nervous system subdivision is a chain o two neurons consisting of a perganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neurons
Autonomic
The sympathetic and parasympathetic division are two arms of the
Autonomic nervous system
Ricky quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this
Autonomic reflex
What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles
Axon terminals
What best describes bipolar neurons
Bipolar neurons are found in special sense organs such as the eyes and nose
Fibers that carry information from the skin joints and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are
Both somatic and sensory
The midbrain, pond and medulla oblongata are housed in the the
Brain stem
Damage to he cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with
Breathing
Sally has brain injury she knows what she wants to say but can vocalize the words the part of her brain that's deals with the ability to say words properly is the
Broca's area
Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?
Calcium
Wendy has a few alcoholic drinks the. Found walking and maintaining her balance was difficult What type of her brain was sedated by the alchol
Cerebellum
What Brian dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies as by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel
Cerebrovascular accident (cab) or stroke
Which of the following brain dysfunction is also known as a stroke
Cerebrovascular accident (cva)
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerve that exit spinal cord from superior to inferior
Cervical
The sciatic nerve splits to form which two nerves
Common tubular and tibial nerves
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)
Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
What specific part of the midbrain houses reflex centers for vision and hearing
Corpora quadrigemina
The large fiber tract that allows communications between the two cerebral hemispheres is
Corpus callosum
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cit ululates through all of the following except
Corpus callosum
Which cranial nerve controls eye movements
Cranial nerve iii iv vi
Which of the following statements about aging is most accurate
Despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed therefore additional learning can occur throughout life
What part of the spinal cord nerve contains sensory nerves only
Dorsal root ganglion
Which violates neuroglial cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves
False
A stroke in the primary motor area had caused don to lose control over his skeletal muscles in the right side of his body What love of his brain was damaged
Frontal lobe
How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body such as motor neurons and interneurons (associations neurons) structurally classifieds
Multipolar
Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are
Myelinated
What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron
Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.
The gap between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called
Nodes of ranvier
What is the name of the cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor
What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division
Parasympathetic
In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory Cortez located
Parietal
The______is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers
Perineurium
The delicate innermost membrane or meninges looks layer that clings to the surface of the brain
Pia
The central rami of the spinal nerve form a complex network of nerves known as a
Plexus
An action potential is caused by an influx of ______ions into the cells
Sodium
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlated to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse
Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward The membrane becomes depolarizered potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward The membrane becomes reploarized
What do central roots and clorsal roots fuse to form
SpinAl nerves
What congenital disorder results when the vertebrae fail to form completely around the spinal cord typically in the lumbosacral region
Spina bifida
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ans) mobilizes the body during the extreme situation such as rage or fear
Sympathetic division
The GAO between two communicating neurons is termed
Synaptic cleft
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the
axon
The term central nervous system refers to the
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons
breathing
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ____.
The all-or-none response
Which of the following is an alternate name for the parasympathetic nervous system
The carniosacral division
Ganglia are collections of
cell bodies
What are two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system
central and peripheral
What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby
cerebral palsy
Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.
cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system
True
What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Vagus
Which cranial nerve transmits impulses for senses of hearing and balance
Veatibulocovhlear
Which of the following is not a major region of the brain
Ventral ramus
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord from superior to inferior
cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as
choroid plexuses
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
medulla oblongata
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called
meninges
The blood brain barrier is effective against the passage of
metabolic waste such as urea
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.
neuroglia
Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
oligodendrocytes
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the
parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus
phrenic
The hypothalamus regulates the
pituitary gland
Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed
proprioceptors
Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called:
saltatory conduction
What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized
sodium ions
What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?
somatic
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:
sympathetic nervous system
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex
thalamus
Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the
thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.
white, gray
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the:
Hypothalamus
Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area
Inability to voluntarily move skeletal musclrs
The spinal cord terminated by vertebra
L3
Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction which type of sensory receptors detect this sensation
Lamellar corpuscle
The hypothalamus is the emotional/ visceral center of the brain and this is an important part of the
Lirubive system
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres if rhe brain
Longitudinal fissures
Mr. warren has a spinal cord damage that prevents nerves impulses from being carried from the CNS to the muscles or glands. What specific type of neurons as been damaged
Motor neuron
during repolarization what ions are pumped out of the cells
Potassium
Immediately after an action potential is propagated which one of the following ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell into the tissue fluid
Potassium ions
Each spinal nerves divides into dorsal and a ventrual
Ramus
Which of the following is the correct sequeuin a typical reflex arc
Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron receptor
A special group of neuro in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake -sleep cycle is the
Reticular activating system (ras)
The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve belongs to the _______nerve plexus
Sacral
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS
Schwann cells
The blood brain barrier is formed by______junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain
Tight
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreases heart rate
The thalamus hypothalamus and epithalamus collectively constitute the
dicephalon (interbrain)
Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Which of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths going from the outermost to the innermost layer
epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
In contrast to the somatic nervous system the autonomic nervous system
has a chain of two motor neurons
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways
interneurons (association neurons)
What are two major functional properties of neurons
irritability and conductivity
cerebrospinal fluid
is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
