The Reformation 6-6.3
John Calvin
1. Frenchmand educated in law who believed and taught predestination 2. French reformer who spent 28 years writing and preaching in Geneva, Switzerland; many exiled Protestants found refuge there.
Henry VIII
1. King of England who was famous for having six wives 2. English monarch who broke from the Catholic church and made himself head of the Church of England.
Jesuits
1. Noted for educational and missionary works 2. a highly-educated Catholic religious group from Europe
Calvinism/ Calvinist Theology
1. The system of thought which has grown out of Calvin's teachings. 2. Their belief was similar to Lutheranism but they believed that people had a predestination.
Peace of Augsburg
1. This allowed the individual Germanic kingdoms to determine religious affiliations; southern kingdoms were Catholic and northern were Protestant. 2. Peace was arranged between the Lutherans and Catholics on , September 25, 1555.
Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)
1. reform movement to abolish abuses of the church and bring back traditional values 2. Catholic Church's movement that stopped selling indulgences. It created the Jesuit order to spread Catholic ideas across the world.
95 theses
95 complaints about the Catholic Church that Martin Luther nailed to the church door in Wittenburg Castle in 1517.
John knox
A Calvinist preacher form Scotland who led a religious rebellion. He got Scottish Protestants to overthrow their Catholic queen and set up the Scottish Presbyterian Church.
Huguenots
A French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries.
Johannes Gutenberg
A German printer whose invention of movable type in 1436 helped spread learning
Presbyterians
A follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church.
Dissidents/ deserters
A person who dissents, or strays away from something
Catherine Von Bora
An ex-nun. Martin Luther's wife.
Protestants
Followers of Martin Luther- also know as 'Lutherans'.
Catholic Countries/ Kingdoms:
France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Poland,
Martin Luther
German monk who challenged the teachings and practices of the Catholic Church.
The Pope
Head of the Roman Catholic Church
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor asked by the Pope to deal with Martin Luther.
Intermediary
In the Roman Catholic church, this is someone like a priest who speaks to God on your behalf.
Vernacular
Language spoken by the local people. Bibles and books were now available in people's vernacular languages.
Justification through Faith Alone
Luther's idea that you could only go to heaven if you believed in God.
Council of Trent
Met on and off for almost 20 years, changed several important doctrines of the Roman Church.
Southern Germanic kingdoms
Mostly Catholic
Northern Germanic Kingdoms
Mostly Protestant
Protestant Countries/Kingdoms:
Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway
American Protestants:
Puritans, Huguenots
The Reformation
Series of great changes to Christianity in Europe in the 16th Century.
30 Years War
Some rulers were converted to Protestantism while others still supported the Catholic Church. The Thirty Years War was fought in Germany, Martin Luther's home, and involved nearly every country in Europe.
Heretic
Someone who's beliefs differ from that of an established religion. Heretics were sometimes executed by burning!
Pope Paul III
The Pope who started the Council of Trent that tried to change things within the Catholic Church
Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition occurred between the 12th and 19th centuries and refers to the tribunal court system used by both the Catholic Church and some monarchs to root out, suppress and punish heretics.
Indulgences
The money paid to speed up the time a soul had to wait in purgatory and could go to heaven.
Theology
The study of God and religious beliefs.
Printing press
This invention by Gutenburg spread learning by making more books available
Excommunication
To be expelled from the Church forever.
Thirty Years War
War between Catholics and Protestants that broke out across Europe in 1618
Heresy
a belief that is contrary to official church teachings
Corruption
a departure from what is pure or correct
"Bloody" Mary
name given to Queen Mary for her determination to convert England back to Catholicism, through persecuting Protestants and non-Catholics.
Missionary
person who is sent to tell others about their religion
