The Rise of Rome Ch 8
What reform by Julius Caesar still affects us today?
12-month calendar
For how many years did the Etruscans control Rome?
141 years
When did the Plebeians gain the right to participate in legislative process?
287 B.C.
the Trojan hero and the subject of a famous epic by the Roman poet, Virgil, of how Rome began
Aeneas
committed suicide when the Roman armies closed in
Antony
fell in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, and formed an alliance with her which caused a war
Antony
one of two of Caesar's top generals that created the Second Triumvirate
Antony
Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian;
Augustus
took a new name which means "the revered or majestic one"
Augustus
laid the foundation for a new form of government for the Roman Empire
Augustus and Octavian
member of the Second Triumvirate
Augustus and Octavian
gave his favorite horse the position of consul
Caligula
had many people murdered
Caligula
one of the Julio-Claudian emperors
Caligula
suffered from mental illness which caused him to act strangely and to treat people cruelly
Caligula
was killed by the Praetorian Guard
Caligula
wasted a lot of money
Caligula
Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean region?
Carthage
a political leader, writer, and Rome's greatest public speaker that argued against dictators
Cicero
called for a representative government with limited powers
Cicero
the best-known early Roman dictator
Cincinnatus
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar became an enemy when he refused to return to Rome.
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar increased the number of senators to add to his number of supporters.
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar kept hidden any facts that did not make him look brave and intelligent.
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar punished those who wanted to uphold the traditions and laws of the Republic
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar sought glory for himself at the expense of the republic
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar started a civil war.
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar treated his defeated enemies with cruelty.
Dictator
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar weakened the senate to gain absolute power.
Dictator
changed Rome from a village to a city
Etruscans
group of people that influenced Rome's early growth
Etruscans
ruled Rome for more than 100 years and Rome became wealthy and powerful
Etruscans
were skilled metalworkers
Etruscans
True or False. Roman soldiers had a spear called a gladius and a short sword called a pilum.
False. a spear is a pilum and a short sword is a gladius
True or False. Before the Twelve Tables, Rome's laws were written on scrolls.
False. not written. (omit scrolls)
True or False. Rome was able to conquer Italy because the Romans were excellent farmers.
False. soldiers not farmers
built a wall across northern Britain to keep out the Picts and Scots
Hadrian
known as one of the "good emperors"
Hadrian
made Roman law easier to understand and apply
Hadrian
Carthage's greatest general who attacked Rome
Hannibal
started the Second Punic War
Hannibal
credited for creating a new calendar
Julius Caesar
declared himself dictator for life but was stabbed to death by his enemies
Julius Caesar
member of the First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
was ordered by the Senate to return home, but decided to march into Italy by crossing the Rubicon and started a civil war
Julius Caesar
the local people of ancient Rome
Latins
is best remembered for having "fiddled while Rome burned; committed suicide
Nero
one of the Julio-Claudian emperors
Nero
was a vicious man, had his mother and two wives killed
Nero
Caesar's grandnephew
Octavian
took the title of Augustus
Octavian
("Roman Peace") long era of peace and safety in the Roman Empire
Pax Romana
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar brought order and peace to Rome.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar ended the rule fo corrupt Roman nobles.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar granted Roman citizenship to people of foreign states.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar restored cities that had been destroyed by the republic
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar started public jobs programs to aid the poor.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar strengthened and expanded the state of Rome.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar treated many of his defeated enemies generously.
Reformer
Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar won support of his soldier through his military leadership and strategy.
Reformer
What helped Rome's trade?
Roman currency
twin brothers whose story is considered to be traditional of how Rome began
Romulus and Remus
Roman general that invaded Carthage
Scipio
the cruel, ruling Etruscan family that ruled ancient Rome for more than 100 years.
Tarquins
True or False. Before Rome became a powerful empire, Romans ate simple meals of porridge, dried vegetables, and greens.
True
True or False. Sometimes military leaders returning to Rome after a victory took part in a great parade called a triumph.
True
True or False. The idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the legal system is called the "rule of law".
True
True or False. The long iron point on a soldier's spear was made to bend after the spear was thrown, preventing an enemy from using it.
True
Adopted around 451 B.C., Rome's first code of law was called the _____.
Twelve Tables.
What was Julius Caesar seen as by Rome's lower classes?
a hero
What was Hadrian's Wall?
a wall built for defense in Britain
The most important element in Rome's booming economy was _____.
agriculture
human-made channel built to carry water
aqueduct
one of the two top government officials in ancient Rome
consul
system of money
currency
in ancient Rome, a person who ruled with complete power temporarily during emergencies
dictator
At the Battle of Actium, Antony and Cleopatra _____.
killed themselves.
large farming estates in ancient Rome
latifundia
smaller unit of the Roman army made up of about 6,000 soldiers
legion
What geographical advantage does the Italian landscape have over the Greek landscape?
less rugged mountains
Describe what the phrase, "crossing the Rubicon" means.
making a decision that you cannot take back
Who benefited from the Roman Empire's prosperity?
merchants and skilled workers
The Etruscans were skilled in _____.
metalworking.
wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome
patrician
Italy is a _____ shaped like a _____.
peninsula, boot
member of the common people in ancient Rome
plebeian
In addition to being tough and good fighters, Roman soldiers were also _____.
practical problem solvers.
important government official in ancient Rome
praetor
form of government in which the leader is not a king or queen but a person elected by citizens
republic
in ancient Rome, a three-person ruling group
triumvirate
to reject
veto
What did many Roman plebeians do in 494 B.C. to protest equal rights?
went on strike
What two products are produced in central Italy?
wine and olive oil