The Rise of Rome Ch 8

What reform by Julius Caesar still affects us today?

12-month calendar

For how many years did the Etruscans control Rome?

141 years

When did the Plebeians gain the right to participate in legislative process?

287 B.C.

the Trojan hero and the subject of a famous epic by the Roman poet, Virgil, of how Rome began

Aeneas

committed suicide when the Roman armies closed in

Antony

fell in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, and formed an alliance with her which caused a war

Antony

one of two of Caesar's top generals that created the Second Triumvirate

Antony

Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian;

Augustus

took a new name which means "the revered or majestic one"

Augustus

laid the foundation for a new form of government for the Roman Empire

Augustus and Octavian

member of the Second Triumvirate

Augustus and Octavian

gave his favorite horse the position of consul

Caligula

had many people murdered

Caligula

one of the Julio-Claudian emperors

Caligula

suffered from mental illness which caused him to act strangely and to treat people cruelly

Caligula

was killed by the Praetorian Guard

Caligula

wasted a lot of money

Caligula

Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars for control of the Mediterranean region?

Carthage

a political leader, writer, and Rome's greatest public speaker that argued against dictators

Cicero

called for a representative government with limited powers

Cicero

the best-known early Roman dictator

Cincinnatus

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar became an enemy when he refused to return to Rome.

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar increased the number of senators to add to his number of supporters.

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar kept hidden any facts that did not make him look brave and intelligent.

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar punished those who wanted to uphold the traditions and laws of the Republic

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar sought glory for himself at the expense of the republic

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar started a civil war.

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar treated his defeated enemies with cruelty.

Dictator

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar weakened the senate to gain absolute power.

Dictator

changed Rome from a village to a city

Etruscans

group of people that influenced Rome's early growth

Etruscans

ruled Rome for more than 100 years and Rome became wealthy and powerful

Etruscans

were skilled metalworkers

Etruscans

True or False. Roman soldiers had a spear called a gladius and a short sword called a pilum.

False. a spear is a pilum and a short sword is a gladius

True or False. Before the Twelve Tables, Rome's laws were written on scrolls.

False. not written. (omit scrolls)

True or False. Rome was able to conquer Italy because the Romans were excellent farmers.

False. soldiers not farmers

built a wall across northern Britain to keep out the Picts and Scots

Hadrian

known as one of the "good emperors"

Hadrian

made Roman law easier to understand and apply

Hadrian

Carthage's greatest general who attacked Rome

Hannibal

started the Second Punic War

Hannibal

credited for creating a new calendar

Julius Caesar

declared himself dictator for life but was stabbed to death by his enemies

Julius Caesar

member of the First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar

was ordered by the Senate to return home, but decided to march into Italy by crossing the Rubicon and started a civil war

Julius Caesar

the local people of ancient Rome

Latins

is best remembered for having "fiddled while Rome burned; committed suicide

Nero

one of the Julio-Claudian emperors

Nero

was a vicious man, had his mother and two wives killed

Nero

Caesar's grandnephew

Octavian

took the title of Augustus

Octavian

("Roman Peace") long era of peace and safety in the Roman Empire

Pax Romana

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar brought order and peace to Rome.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar ended the rule fo corrupt Roman nobles.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar granted Roman citizenship to people of foreign states.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar restored cities that had been destroyed by the republic

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar started public jobs programs to aid the poor.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar strengthened and expanded the state of Rome.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar treated many of his defeated enemies generously.

Reformer

Reformer or Dictator. Julius Caesar won support of his soldier through his military leadership and strategy.

Reformer

What helped Rome's trade?

Roman currency

twin brothers whose story is considered to be traditional of how Rome began

Romulus and Remus

Roman general that invaded Carthage

Scipio

the cruel, ruling Etruscan family that ruled ancient Rome for more than 100 years.

Tarquins

True or False. Before Rome became a powerful empire, Romans ate simple meals of porridge, dried vegetables, and greens.

True

True or False. Sometimes military leaders returning to Rome after a victory took part in a great parade called a triumph.

True

True or False. The idea that the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same way by the legal system is called the "rule of law".

True

True or False. The long iron point on a soldier's spear was made to bend after the spear was thrown, preventing an enemy from using it.

True

Adopted around 451 B.C., Rome's first code of law was called the _____.

Twelve Tables.

What was Julius Caesar seen as by Rome's lower classes?

a hero

What was Hadrian's Wall?

a wall built for defense in Britain

The most important element in Rome's booming economy was _____.

agriculture

human-made channel built to carry water

aqueduct

one of the two top government officials in ancient Rome

consul

system of money

currency

in ancient Rome, a person who ruled with complete power temporarily during emergencies

dictator

At the Battle of Actium, Antony and Cleopatra _____.

killed themselves.

large farming estates in ancient Rome

latifundia

smaller unit of the Roman army made up of about 6,000 soldiers

legion

What geographical advantage does the Italian landscape have over the Greek landscape?

less rugged mountains

Describe what the phrase, "crossing the Rubicon" means.

making a decision that you cannot take back

Who benefited from the Roman Empire's prosperity?

merchants and skilled workers

The Etruscans were skilled in _____.

metalworking.

wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome

patrician

Italy is a _____ shaped like a _____.

peninsula, boot

member of the common people in ancient Rome

plebeian

In addition to being tough and good fighters, Roman soldiers were also _____.

practical problem solvers.

important government official in ancient Rome

praetor

form of government in which the leader is not a king or queen but a person elected by citizens

republic

in ancient Rome, a three-person ruling group

triumvirate

to reject

veto

What did many Roman plebeians do in 494 B.C. to protest equal rights?

went on strike

What two products are produced in central Italy?

wine and olive oil