Theme 1.2, Theme 1.2

Which of the following values of ΔGrxn indicates a reversible reaction?

+1.3 kJ mol-1

Which of the following values is the [H+] in a system at biochemical standard state?

10-7 mol L-1

Which of the following statements correctly defines the term microstate?

A particular arrangement of atoms and energy

Reactants will be consumed ???

A reaction has ΔGrxn = -1.00 kJ mol-1. Which of the following is true? Question 1 options: The reaction is non-spontaneous The reaction will release 1.00 kJ of heat None of these Reactants will be consumed

na

A reaction that can do work has which of the following properties? a. none of these b. delta G < 0 c. delta S > 0 d. delta H > 0

Irreversible

A reaction with a large negative ΔG is best described by which term? Requiring work Irreversible Non-spontaneous Reversible

Entropy describes which of the following properties?

All of these

Which of the following rules applies to biochemical standard state?

All solutes except H+ are 1 mol L-1

The reaction quotient Q uses which of the following values?

Current, instantaneous concentrations of products and reactants

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with ΔH > 0?

Endothermic

thermodynamic work refers to which of the following statements?

Energy released by a system in a non-random manner

Thermodynamic heat refers to which of the following statements?

Energy released by a system in a random manner

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with ΔGrxn < 0?

Exergonic

a. K = [C][D]/[B]

For the reaction A(s) + B(aq) ⇌ C (aq) + D (aq), which of the following equilibrium constant expressions is correct? a. K = [C][D]/[B] b. K = [C][D]/[A][B] c. K = [B]/[C][D] d. K = [A][B]/[C][D]

heat??

For which quantity is ΔH the maximum potential of a system? Heat Work Entropy Change in heat

The term "steady state" is closely associated with which of the following?

Homeostasis

Steady state

Homeostasis is most closely related to which of the following terms? Microstate Diffusion Equilibrium Steady state

None of these

If a particular reaction has ΔS > 0, which of the following terms must describe the reaction? Question 4 options: Spontaneous None of these Exothermic Endergonic

The products have more microstates than the reactants

If a reaction has a positive ΔS, which of the following statements is always true? The products have more microstates than the reactants The reaction is exergonic The reaction is non-spontaneous The reaction is gaining energy

the reaction is at equilibrium

If a reaction has delta G rxn = 0, which of the following statements is true? a. the reaction is at equilibrium b. all of these c. the reaction is non-spontaneous d. K = 1

Products - reactants Final - initial

In a chemical context, Δ refers to which of the following expression(s) (select all correct answers)? Products - reactants Any parameter that remains constant Early state - late state Final - initial

A reaction with a large negative ΔG is best described by which term?

Irreversible

For the reaction A(s) + B(aq) ⇔ C(aq) + D(aq), which of the following equilibrium constant expressions is correct?

K = [C][D]/[B]

For the reaction A(aq) + 2 B(aq) ⇔ C(l) + D(aq), which of the following equilibrium constant expressions is correct?

K = [D]/[A][B]2

Which of the following ΔGrxn values is appropriate for an irreversible reaction (select all correct answers)?

Large negative Large Positive

If a particular reaction has ΔS > 0, which of the following terms must describe the reaction?

None of these

When a particular reaction takes place, the surroundings become cold. What is the sign of ΔH?

Positive

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with a small positive ΔGrxn?

Reversible

Diffusion describes the spontaneous movement of which of the following scenarios?

Solute from regions of high solute concentration to regions of low solute concentration

Homeostasis is most closely related to which of the following terms?

Steady State

The change in Gibbs free energy ??

The amount of work a system can do relates directly to which of the following values? ΔS The equilibrium constant The heat released The change in Gibbs free energy

The amount of work a system can do relates directly to which of the following values?

The change in Gibbs free energy

ΔS

The change in the number of microstates of a system is described by which of the following quantities? ΔG ΔH K ΔS

Which of the following conditions is true at biochemical standard state (select all correct answers)?

The concentration of H+ is 10-7 mol L-1 All gases are 1 bar

A positive ΔS indicates which of the following outcomes?

The number of microstates of a system is increasing

If a reaction has a positive ΔS, which of the following statements is always true?

The products have more microstates than the reactants

Which of the following statements is true for all exothermic reactions?

The products of the reaction have lower total energy than the reactants

If a reaction has ΔGrxn = 0, which of the following statements is true?

The reaction is at equilibrium

Which of the following interpretations is correct for ΔH < 0?

The reaction is releasing energy

b, c, d

The term endergonic is equivalent to which of the following statements (select all correct answers)? a. the reaction is endothermic b. delta G > 0 c. non-spontaneous d. a reaction that will form reactants as it approaches equilibrium

ΔH

The total energy change of a chemical reaction is described by which of the following quantities? Question 4 options: K ΔS ΔH ΔG

Enthalpy describes which of the following properties?

The total energy of a system

n/a

Thermodynamic work refers to which of the following statements? a. Energy released by a system in a random manner b. Energy released by a system in a non-random manner c. Energy in a system that helps determine its temperature d. Energy stored in a system in a non-random manner

Which of the following statements best describes a coupled reaction?

Two reactions with an overall negative ΔGrxn even though one reaction has a positive ΔGrxn, and the product of one reaction is a reactant is the other

Which of the following statements describes a spontaneous coupled reaction?

Two reactions with overall ΔGrxn < 0 even though one reaction has ΔGrxn > 0

The molecule is decreasing in entropy

When a molecule becomes more stable, which of the following statements is true? Question 2 options: The molecule is decreasing in energy The molecule is increasing in entropy The molecule is decreasing in entropy The molecule is increasing in energy

n/a

When a reaction becomes cool during the course of the reaction, which of the following values must be negative? a. delta G b. delta S c. none of these d. delta H

The magnitude of ΔG is large

When a reaction is irreversible, which of the following statements is true? Question 5 options: The magnitude of ΔH is small The magnitude of ΔG is large The reaction is very slow All of these

n/a

When a system has K=1, which of the following statements is true (select all correct answers)? a. none of these b. delta G rxn = 0 c. the system is at standard state d. the system is at equilibrium

When is a system in equilibrium?

When ΔG=0

ΔG relates to which of the following statements?

Whether or not a reaction is spontaneous

all of the above

Which of the following conditions is true at physical standard state (select all correct answers)? a. all solutes are 1 mol/L b. T = 25°C c. All ages are 1 bar d. Water is a pure liquid

Work is the amount of energy that is transferred in a non-random manner

Which of the following definitions is thermodynamically correct? Question 3 options: Work is the amount of energy that is transferred in a non-random manner Heat is the change in total energy The surroundings consist of the system and the environment around the system A microstate is a collection of observed arrangements of a system

n/a

Which of the following delta G rxn indicates a reversible reaction? a. 0.0 kJ/mol b. all of these c. +1.3 kJ/mol d. -28.2 kJ/mol

Two reactions with overall ΔGrxn < 0 even though one reaction has ΔGrxn > 0

Which of the following statements describes a spontaneous coupled reaction? Two half-reactions Two reactions with overall ΔGrxn < 0 even though one reaction has ΔGrxn > 0 Two reactions with overall ΔGrxn > 0 even though one reaction has ΔGrxn < 0 Any two reactions happening simultaneously

ΔH < 0

Which of the following statements describes a system that is releasing heat? Spontaneous ΔH > 0 ΔH < 0 ΔS < 0

??

Which of the following statements is meant when a reaction is described as in equilibrium (select all correct answers)? Question 1 options: The reaction has no energy remaining The reaction shows no net change All the reactants have been consumed The reaction neither produces nor consumes work

...

Which of the following statements is true for all exothermic reactions? All of these The products of the reaction have lower total energy than the reactants The reaction must be spontaneous The reaction is endergonic

reversible

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with a small positive ΔGrxn? Reversible Spontaneous Irreversible Endothermic

Endothermic

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with ΔH > 0? Endothermic Exothermic Endergonic Exergonic

Q K ΔG° ??

Which of the following terms is calculated using the equilibrium concentration of products and reactants (select all correct answers)? Q ΔG° K ΔS

delta H

Which of the following terms relates to the potential heat of a reaction? a. delta H b. delta S c. delta G d. T

ΔG

Which of the following terms relates to the potential work of a reaction? Question 5 options: ΔH ΔS ΔG T

Large positive

Which of the following ΔGrxn values is appropriate for an irreversible reaction (select all correct answers)? Large negative Small negative Large positive Small positive

Which of the following terms indicates energy movement in a directed manner?

Work

A system is in equilibrium when which of the following terms is equal to zero?

ΔG

A reaction that can do work has which of the following properties?

ΔG < 0

Which of the following relationships is true for all exergonic systems?

ΔG < 0

The total energy change of a chemical reaction is described by which of the following quantities?

ΔH

Which of the following relationships is true for an endothermic reaction?

ΔH > 0, energy is being added to the reaction

The change in the number of microstates of a system is described by which of the following quantities?

ΔS

Which of the following terms directly relates to a change in the microstates of a system?

ΔS