Tidwell 1.1 - 1.3 Test

reconstruction

(1865-1877) this was the federal governments struggle with how to return the eleven southern states to the Union, rebuild the souths ruined economy, and promote the rights of former slaves. This took twelve years

Fourteenth Amendment

(1868) this was passed to protect freedmen's right from presidential vetoes, southern state legislatures, and federal court decisions. It guarantees equality under the law for all citizens. Any state that refused this would risk losing the number of seats in the House of Representatives that were presented by its African American population.

Fifteenth Amendment

(1870) - this forbidden any state from denying suffrage on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This guarantee applied to northern states and southern states.

wade-davis bill

- This bill was congresses response to president Lincoln's ten percent plan - This bill called for a majority of the southern electorate to take an oath of allegiance to the union before that state could resume participation in the union - It called for the southern states to be divided into 5 military districts with a union general in charge of each district

freedmans bureau

- This was created by congress to help the former slaves' transition from slavery into participation in society. - This was a very successful organization and would not only help former slaves but also poor whites of the south. - The organization would provide temporary shelter, food, and clothing as well as education for many in the south. - its greatest success was in the founding of schools for former slaves and their children throughout the south

enforcement act

1870 and 1871 laws (also known as Klux Klan acts) this made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote

The only true difference was when both of them were taken place. They were both put in place to restrict the freedoms won by the African Americans using the 13,14,15 amendments.

What's the difference between a black code and a Jim crow law?

grandfather clauses

this allowed a person to vote as long as his ancestors had voted prior to 1866 or 1867. it purposely disqualified African American voters and now lets white votes even if they cannot read or write

Sharecropping

this embraces most of the souths African American and white poor, a landowner dictated the crop and provided the ___________ with a place to live, as well as sees and tools, in return for a "share" of the harvested crop.

civil rights act of 1875

this guaranteed African American citizens the right to ride trains and use public facilities. Ex: hotels

Jim Crow Laws

this kept African Americans and whites segregated. It also took their voting rights away

impeach

to accuse a public official of wrongdoing in office. this happened to johnson

poll tax

voters have to pay a tax to vote. You got 1-2 dollars from a days of work. This was restrictive to African Americans from being able to vote.

similar

was president johnsons plan similar or different from lincolns plan?

Sharecropping, tenant farming, and share tenancy

what are the three methods in which the poor whites and african american have in agriculture?

they created an electoral commission

what did congress do to decide what had to be done?

the democratic candidate for president was Samuel Tilden and the republican candidate was Rutherford b Hayes

who was the democratic candidate and who was the republican candidate?

- They claimed that the vote was disputed in 4 states. Tilden needed only one more electoral vote to gain victory but the three southern states were controlled by republican election boards that threw out enough Tilden votes to give Hayes the election - This caused an uproar that almost brought about a new civil war

why did the republican party refuse to concede defeat?

This shouldn't have been necessary to have this law but it proves the 13,14, and 15 amendment should have already had. The supreme court will put restrictions on the 13,14, and 15 amendment by ruling in such a way that they give states the power to pass laws that would impact the amendments. The supreme court is one of the problems for the lack of the support of the amendments

why was the civil rights act of 1875 passed?

Booker T. Washington

He was born a slave and grew up in poverty following emancipation. He was one of the few who had an education. In 1881, he was chosen to lead the Tuskegee normal and industrial institution, where he promoted vocational education for African American students. His idea was instead of pushing to vote and trying to get things done right now, they needed to educate themselves to get jobs and show the whites they can work.

1. A number equal to 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the constitution and the union and had received a presidential pardon 2. The state could then hold a constructional convention in which they would have to support laws and proclamations dealing with emancipation 3. Certain groups were excluded from the pardon including civil and diplomatic officers of the confederacy, senior officers of the confederate military, judges, congressmen, and military officers of the U.S. who has left their federal post to join the confederacy and those accused of failure to treat captures black soldiers and their officers as prisoners of war

In 1863 president Lincoln issued a proclamation stating that any rebel state could form a union government whenever: (this was the 10 percent plan)

election of 1868

In 1868 the republican party nominated former army general U.S. Grant for president. In a fairly close election Grant won the race. Though Gant himself was a man of integrity his administration was the most corrupt in U.S. history to that time.

black codes

Laws passed by southern states that restricted the freedoms of former slaves

They started with public education because many former slaves were interested in gaining education so they can participate in society

Millions of individuals did not have paying jobs, place to live, no money, no education. What do they do?

ulysses s grant

who was president during the vast majority of reconstruction?

carpetbag governments

These were the governments within the southern states that were run by northerners (called carpetbaggers) after the civil war

fourteenth amendment

This amendment would grant citizenship to the former slaves and guarantee equal protection under the law

fifteenth amendment

This amendment would grant the right to vote to former slaves

thirteenth amendment

This amendment would outlaw slavery anywhere in the U.S. its territories or any place subject to its jurisdiction

tenure in office act of 1867

This law was passed by congress in order to prevent President Johnson from removing from his cabinet anyone who supported congressional reconstruction and it would be used as the basic for impeaching Johnson once he fires secretary Stanton

civil rights act of 1866

This law will grant citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the united states "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. "

scalawag

This term was used to describe a southerner who supported the reconstruction governments of the south

carpetbagger

This was a term used to describe northern who came south after the civil war to take advantage of the reconstruction of the south

literacy tests

a reading and writing test formerly used in southern states to prevent African Americans from voting because most of them did not know how to read or write. The issue of this was that most poor whites could not read either so they came up with the grandfather clause.

compromise of 1877

an agreement by Rutherford b Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove all remaining federal troops from the south. Southern states were guaranteed federal subsidies to build railroads and improve their ports

federal

does the federal government or state government have more power?

Andrew Johnson

he came into presidency right after Lincolns death. He was Lincolns vice president. He disputes with radical republicans over reconstruction led to his impeachment in 1868. he wanted to restore the political status of the southern states immediately.

W.E.B. DuBois

he was an American educator, reformer, and champion of civil rights. advocates for full civil rights for African Americans. Was the first African American PHD to graduate from Harvard. He thought highly of booker t Washington but he also thought he was wrong. He fought his whole life about the 13,14, and 15 amendments to be put in place now. Founder of NAACP also with Ida B Wells

rutherford b hayes

he was the nineteenth president of the united states and before this he was a general in the union war. He is a man of honesty and integrity and he is a reformer. In the election of 1876 his election was disputed and was selected to be president and this was secured by a congressional commission and the compromise of 1877.

by using the pocket veto

how did lincoln veto this bill?

Many people in the south viewed all the carpetbaggers as being corrupt but the reality is that most of them were not that corrupt. They were getting good things done like rebuilding things and public education

how did southerners view carpetbaggers?

share-tenancy

it is like sharecropping, except that the farmworker chose what crop he would plant and bought his own supplies then he gave a share of the crop to the landowner

radical republicans

people in congress that insisted that the confederates had committed crimes by enslaving African Americans and by entangling the nation in war. They advocated full citizenship rights from African Americans along with a harsh reconstruction policy towards the south. Thaddeus Stevens and Senator Charles Sumner were the leaders.

redeemers

politicians who aimed to repair or "redeem" the south in the eyes of congress. This is a group of democrats and republicans in the south. They got together to compromise on issues in order to bring themselves back in power. To bring back white southerners in political and economic power. They were also circumventing the spirit of the 13, 14, and 15 amendments.

segregation

separation of the races

ida b wells

she fought for justice and was a former slave who educated herself. Was an African American journalist who worked throughout her life to end the practice of lynching in the south. She bought a newspaper company and wrote about the rights of African Americans and how they are not enforced. Founder of NAACP

tenant farming

the most independent arrangement for both farmer and landowner. The ________ paid cash rent to a landowner and then was free to choose and manage his own crop and free to choose where he would live

integration

the process of bringing together people of different races, religions, and social classes

liberal republicans

they were a group of republican congressmen that were opposed to the radical republicans in congress and their method of reconstruction at the end of reconstruction

1. The south was to be divided into 5 military districts and put under military rule governed by a northern general 2. The southern states were to hold new elections for delegates to create new state constitutions 3. Southern states were required to allow all qualified male voters, including African Americans to vote in the elections 4. Southerners who had served the confederacy were barred from voting 5. Southern states were required to guarantee equal rights to all citizens 6. Southern states were required to ratify the fourteenth amendment

what did the reconstruction act of 1867 include? (6 things)

proposed putting the south under military rule and required a majority of a state's voters to take the loyalty oath as a condition for the states readmission.

what did the wade-davis bill propose?

Woman get to participate as members of agencies and they will be very active in medical facilities

what did woman get to participate in?

- African Americans were elected into the U.S. state congress - A lot more of them were allowed to be represented in the government which is a huge change in the south but not in the north

what happened from 1868-1876? (2 things)

Lincolns ten percent plan was rejected so congress passed the Wade-Davis bill. Lincoln vetoed it

what happened in 1864?

- congress passed legislation over Johnson's veto with the ratification of the military reconstruction act of 1867. the act divided the 10 southern states that had yet to be readmitted into the union into five military districts governed by former union generals - johnson was impeached

what happened in 1867?

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumter died and this is the biggest reason why reconstruction dies because no one stepped in to take their place with the passion to fix reconstruction

what is the big reason why reconstruction died?

1. Southerners who swore allegiance to the union were to be pardoned excepting those same categories as Lincoln and adding to it anyone who owned property worth more than $20,000 (though even these could apply for a special Presidential pardon) 2. Each state was to hold a constitutional convention to write a new state constitution 3. States were required in these constitutions to void their charters of secession, abolish slavery, and ratify the thirteenth amendment 4. Southern states much then hold elections and resume participation in the union

what was johnsons plan?

- In Plessy v Ferguson it dealt with a case from Louisiana. The decision had to deal with segregation. The court ruled that segregation was okay as long as the treatment of each side was equal. - What they failed to admit was that in education, rarely the two education schools was not equal. - This made segregation in every state okay. And there was segregation in both the north and the south

what was plessy v ferguson all about?

Reconstruction was the reuniting and rebuilding of the south from 1865 through 1877 after the Civil War

what was reconstruction?

The commission was made up of 8 republicans and 7 democrats, the result being a republican victory but only after the republicans promised several things to gain southern democratic support.

what was the commission made up of?

The most difficult thing after the civil war was the rebuilding of the lives of the former slaves

what was the most difficult thing after the civil war?

Lincoln issued the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction known as the "ten percent plan". As soon as ten percent of a state's voters took oath to the union, the state could set up a new government. If the states constitution abolished slavery and provided education for African Americans, the state would regain representation in congress

what was the ten percent plan?

1. All federal troops would be withdrawn from the south 2. The president would appoint at least one southerner to the cabinet 3. Congress would appropriate funds for internal improvements in the south

what were the things the republicans promised to gain southern democratic support? (3 things)

1865

when did black codes appear in the former confederate states?

1864

when did congress pass the wade-davis bill?

1863

when did lincoln issue the 10 percent plan?

In every federal election, from 1860 - 1980 the south as a block voted democrat. It wasn't until 1980 when Ronald Reagan ran for presidency that the block was broken in the south

when did the democratic block finally break?

1865

when was lincoln assassinated and the creation of the freedmans bureau?

1866

when was the civil rights act passed?

1867

when was the congressional radical reconstruction?

1865-1877

when was the era of reconstruction?

1869

when was the fifteenth amendment passed?

1870

when was the fifteenth amendment ratified, when did the freedmans bureau come to an end, and when was the enforcement act passed?

july 1868

when was the fourteenth amendment passed?

radical republicans became majority and it was passed in 1867

when was the reconstruction act of ____ passed and after who became majority?

Mostly labor since a lot of them didn't have an education. They are stuck in this one category because there is nothing else they can do

which jobs were former slaves qualified for?

Ku Klux Klan

white southerners who emerged to terrorize African Americans, formed in Tennessee in 1866. it was an organization that promoted hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic, radical, and religious groups. They dressed in white robes and hoods, mounted on horses with hooves thundering through the woods to share freed people from voting

They murdered white scalawags, former slaves, and more

who did the klu klux klan murder?

Samuel Tilden/Rutherford B. Hayes

who was apart of the election of 1876?