Topic 2: The Cell Quiz

Using the same figure and assumption as for question 10, what effect will the movement of the sugar have on the water level in the tubes?

The water level will go up in side A

If you shut the system off and pressure was no longer applied to Tank A, you would expect

The water to reverse flow from Tank B to Tank A

The cell is carrying out its typical functions, not engaged in producing molecules necessary for division

Gap 1

Look at the same figure, but let's assume the membrane is not freely permeable to both glucose and sucrose but only to the smaller of the two sugars. Now what results would you predict?

Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A

The drawing above shows two solutions of glucose and sucrose in a U-tube containing a semipermeable membrane (which allows the passage of sugars). Which of the following accurately describes what will take place next?

Glucose will diffuse from side B to side A

Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to

relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm

What is a G protein?

A protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that becomes activated by a receptor protein

Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with all of the following EXCEPT

Activation of G protein-coupled receptors

An ATP-powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of another solute in a mechanism called cotransport. This is shown in the figure above. The cotransporter protein is able to use the diffusion of H+ ions down their electrochemical gradient into the cell t o drive the uptake of sucrose into the cell. By what process are H+ ions being moved in this figure?

Active transport

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

Active transport

Sister chromatids begin to separate

Anaphase

Which figure depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell?

Cell A

Which two figures show a cell that is hypertonic to its environment?

Cells A and D

If this did not occur, daughter cells would have two complete sets of chromosomes

Cytokinesis

Based on the figure above, how might the rate of sucrose into the cell be increased?

Decrease the extracellular pH

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

Diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?

ER>Golgi apparatus>vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Small, non polar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids

Easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer

Large molecules are moved out of the cell by which of the following processes?

Exocytosis

Earl Sutherland received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of cAMP as a second messenger. Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's effect on liver cells?

Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells

An organelle with a cis and trans face, which acts as the packaging Gand secreting center of the cell

Golgi apparatus

Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

Golgi bodies

If the S phase were eliminated from the cell cycle, the daughter cells would

Have half the genetic material found in the parent cell

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have all of the following structures in common EXCEPT

Linear chromosomes

Large membrane-pound structures that contain hydrolytic enzymes and that are found predominantly in animal cells

Lysosomes

These organelles are not found in red blood cells but are present in large numbers in muscle cells

Mitochondria

In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions regulated?

Opening and closing of ligand-gated ion channels

Which of the following component molecules of the plasma membrane is most important in the reception phase of cell signaling?

Protein

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

Protein kinase

Salivary glands produce a large quantity of enzymes, which are transported out of the secretory cells. Which of the following organelles would be in abundance in these cells?

Ribosomes

An organelle that is characterized by extensive, folded membranes and is abundant in cells that detoxify poisons, such as liver cells

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Failure of this stage to occur prior to mitosis would result in daughter cells without sufficient DNA

Synthesis

The genetic material of the cell replicates to prepare for cell division

Synthesis (S-phase)

Which of the following signal molecules pass through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors that move into the nucleus and function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression?

Testosterone, a steroid hormone

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-cycle control system is FALSE?

The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors

Which of the following uses passive transport, without protein channels, to move material across the cell membrane?

The movement of carbon dioxide across the cell membrane

If the melanin production were not sufficient to prevent UV damage to the DNA, which of the following would you expect?

apoptosis and lysis of damaged cells

After the reverse osmosis system has been operating for 30 min, the solution in Tank A would

be hypertonic to Tank B

Division of the cytoplasm of the cell

cytokinesis

They endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence, except the fact that

mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes.

White blood cells are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells. When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?

mix the blood in a hypotonic solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.

Insulin is a protein synthesized in the cytoplasm of pancreas cells and then transported to the plasma membrane where it enters the blood-stream. Which of the following summarizes the pathway for insulin through a pancreatic cell?

rough ER>Golgi body>vesicle>palm membrane