Topic 3 Test: Challenges in the Late 1800s

"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to

allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life.

The subject of this political cartoon is William Jennings Bryan's

style of campaigning.

"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890What opinion does this quote imply?

Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen.

What did the gridlock between parties in Congress and the White House in the late 1800s lead to?

Little meaningful legislation was passed.

What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations?

Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted.

President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he

allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption.

This political cartoon references

the illegal activities of Boss Tweed in New York City

According to the information in this map, where was cattle ranching most important as an industry?

Texas

How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era?

He toured the nation, doing his own campaigning.

How did the federal government affect the practice of mining in the West?

It provided land and patents for new inventions for large mining companies.

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above?

Native Americans.

"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead."It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead."Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief JosephWhich overall theme can best be inferred from this speech?

The Nez Percé were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down.

"When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans?

assimilation into mainstream culture

"The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speechIn this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that

every worker contributes to the growth of the economy.

"Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party PlatformWhat solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production?

minting silver coinage to increase inflation

Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s?

small farmers

The house in this image, typical of those built by homesteaders adapting to their physical environment on the Great Plains, was made from

sod

Based on the congressional elections of 1894, in which region of the country did Populism seem to have the most support?

the southeast

The photographer intended this image to emphasize

the strong connection between Native Americans and the land.

The U.S. government outlawed practices such as this traditional Native American ceremony in order to

weaken tribal cultures and encourage assimilation.

According to this graph, which crop lost the greatest amount of value per bushel between 1866 and 1896?

wheat

"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief SatantaIn this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining

why the Native Americans resisted the white men

According to the information in the graph, in which year was legislation most likely passed to limit Chinese immigration to the United States?

1882

What conflict arose between farmers and ranchers settling western lands?

Farmers demanded water rights from ranchers.

What is the theme of this illustration?

Farmers have an important job in American society