Topic 9

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In DNA replication, the matching up of free nucleotides with complementary nucleotides is drive by the enzyme

DNA polymerase

What enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication?

DNA polymerase

The two strands of DNA run into the opposite directions, this is called .....

Antiparallel

Cytosine (C) binds with ____________ through ___ hydrogen bonds.

guanine (G), 3

The unwinding of the DNA strand to begin replication is driven by what enzyme?

helicase

What kind of bonding between complementary nitrogen bases hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together?

hydrogen

What are the three steps in DNA replication? i. Ribosomes are attached to the DNA molecule at the start sequence. ii. The enzyme, helicase, unwinds the DNA molecule. iii. Free nucleotides match with complementary bases in the DNA strands. iv. Amino acids are used to hold nucleotides in place. v. The phosphate of the new nucleotide is attached to the deoxyribose sugar of the adjacent nucleotide on the same strand

ii, iii, v

The three parts of a nucleotide include

nitrogenous base , deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

Adenine (A) binds with ___________ through ____ hydrogen bonds.

thymine (T), 2

he supercoiling of bacterial DNA is relaxed by enzyme known as

topisomerase/gyrase.

The product of DNA replication is

two identical molecules of DNA each having one new and one old strand

Where in the eukaryotic cell does DNA replication occur?

In the nucleus

What does 'semi-conservative' mean when discussing DNA replication?

It means that at the end of the replication process, there is an exact copy of the original DNA, but with one newly synthesized strand and one pre-existing strand

True/False: In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the replication is semi-conservative.

True

A random change in the sequence of the DNA that becomes permanent is called

a mutation

Of the four nitrogenous bases, which are the purines?

adenine and guanine

The two purines bases in DNA are:

adenine and guanine

The four different nitrogenous bases are

adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

The two strands of DNA run in ___________ directions.

anti-parallel

Of the four nitrogenous bases, which are the pyrimidines?

cytosine and thymine

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

What components make up the backbone (the outside of the strands) of the DNA molecule?

deoxyribose and phosphate groups

The monomers that make up DNA (which is a nucleic acid) are

nucleotides

What two parts of the nucleotide form the backbone of the DNA?

deoxyribose sugars & phosphate.

What are the three molecular components of a nucleotide?

deoxyribose, nitrogen bases and phosphate groups

Are purines double or single ringed?

double

Synthesis of the DNA strand runs from the ___ to ___ direction.

5', 3'

If the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA is 5' TAGCCT3', the sequence of bases in the complementary strand will be

5'AGGCTA3'

What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?

Purines are nitrogen bases composed of two rings; pyrimidines are nitrogen bases composed of one ring

In DNA base pairing, A pairs with ______ and G pairs with ______.

T,C


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