Trail Guide to Movement Ch 6
strains can be caused by
a direct blow to the body, overstretching, overuse or inadequate periods of rest
sprain can be caused by
a fall or blow to the body that shifts a joint out of position and overstretches or ruptures the supportive connective tissues falling on the side of your foot or landing on your outstretched arm
end feel
a palpable quality to the restriction happens at the end of passive rom
open packed position
any position than the close packed state most commonly refers to the position where connective tissue structures are most lax and the joint cavity has the greatest volume joint surfaces are incongruent meaning they have minimal overlap
roll
arthrokinematic motion happens when one joint surface rolls along another like tire going down the raod raising your arm to put on a shirt
spin
arthrokinematic motion occurs when one joint surface rotates over the fixed surface of another like a tire spinning in place occurs when the head of radius rotates on the end of your humerus during supination or pronation
glide
arthrokinematic motion when one joint surface slides across the surface of another life a tire skidding to a stop flexion and extension of your metacarpophalngeal joints
which chain offers more predictable and confined mobility patterns
closed
how can restrictions be classified
compression restrictions (bone to bone or flesh to flesh) tension restrictions (ligamentous, capsular)
hypomobility
constraints to joint mobility can be caused by scarring of the joint structure, chronically tight muscles, neurological compromise or other injury these joints predispose a person to muscle strains and pinched nerves does not necessarily indicate an unhealthy condition
when is the predictability of closed chain movements useful
creating controlled exercises that are generally considered safer for your joints and which involve many muscle groups simultaneously
active ROM
degree of movement that a client can produce using his or her own strength and volition
the type of motion that can transpire at a joint is
determined by the shape of the bones articulating surfaces
passive ROM
distance that you can passively mobilize your clients joint requires your client to relax the muscles of her joint, this will often yield more range of motion than active ROM
soft end feel
elastic sensation felt by tension of muscle tissue such as tight adductors limiting abduction of the hip joint
strains occur frequently in the
hamstrings and low back region
soft end feel
happens when motion is restricted by tissue bumping against other tissue seen and felt wit flexion of the knee or elbow
open kinetic chain
happens when the distal end of a limb is free (open) to move and the proximal segments remain stationary folding clothes, curling a dumbbell, punting a football often used to condition power and agility your limb segments can move in multiple directions
joint barriers
impedes the extent of the movement bony restriction--when a bone meets bone and occurs only during jaw elevation and radioulnar extension tissue limitation--when flesh comes up against flesh happening at the end of hip, knee, and elbow flexion most common restriction to movement in synovial joints is the elastic limit of the joint capsule and ligaments occurring when cruciate ligaments and surrounding articular capsule limit knee extension non pathological
sprains and strains often occur
in and around articulations that possess excessive or reduced joint mobility
strain
injury involving the stretchingor tearing of a muscle or tendon
closed kinetic chain
occurs when the distal end of a limb remains fixed (closed) while the proximal segments are mobilized usually means feet or hands are stationary during an action pull ups, push ups, walking with crutches sitting down with feet in fixed spot
hypermobility
occurs when there is an excess of joint motion stemming from laxity in the joint capsules and ligaments not necessarily pathological tend to be more vulnerable to ligament sprains, swollen joints and recurrent injuries
bony end feel
occurs when two bones make contact a hard sensation is felt when the joint motion ends
rolling, gliding, spinning occur when joints are in their
open packed positions
sprain
refers to a stretch or tear (or both) of noncontractile tissues such as ligaments joint capsules, cartilage, fasciae
kinetic chain
series of joints linked by an arrangement of muscles and bones along the pathway of movement closed or open
muscle guarding end feel
stops early and abruptly with a rebound from hyperactivated muscles usually with pain and often indicates capsular inflammation
what affects the span of available movement
structural factors shape of the joint surfaces elasticity of your joint capsules and surrounding ligaments your muscles strength and tightness injury and any subsequent guarding against pain can further limit motion age, gender, genetics
closed packed position
synovial joint position which its most stable joint surfaces are congruent meaning they have the greatest possible amount of overlap and the ligaments and joint capsule are taut position that a jointis most often injured
range of motion
the amount of movement of a joint and is often expressed in degrees