Trail Guide to Movement Ch 6

strains can be caused by

a direct blow to the body, overstretching, overuse or inadequate periods of rest

sprain can be caused by

a fall or blow to the body that shifts a joint out of position and overstretches or ruptures the supportive connective tissues falling on the side of your foot or landing on your outstretched arm

end feel

a palpable quality to the restriction happens at the end of passive rom

open packed position

any position than the close packed state most commonly refers to the position where connective tissue structures are most lax and the joint cavity has the greatest volume joint surfaces are incongruent meaning they have minimal overlap

roll

arthrokinematic motion happens when one joint surface rolls along another like tire going down the raod raising your arm to put on a shirt

spin

arthrokinematic motion occurs when one joint surface rotates over the fixed surface of another like a tire spinning in place occurs when the head of radius rotates on the end of your humerus during supination or pronation

glide

arthrokinematic motion when one joint surface slides across the surface of another life a tire skidding to a stop flexion and extension of your metacarpophalngeal joints

which chain offers more predictable and confined mobility patterns

closed

how can restrictions be classified

compression restrictions (bone to bone or flesh to flesh) tension restrictions (ligamentous, capsular)

hypomobility

constraints to joint mobility can be caused by scarring of the joint structure, chronically tight muscles, neurological compromise or other injury these joints predispose a person to muscle strains and pinched nerves does not necessarily indicate an unhealthy condition

when is the predictability of closed chain movements useful

creating controlled exercises that are generally considered safer for your joints and which involve many muscle groups simultaneously

active ROM

degree of movement that a client can produce using his or her own strength and volition

the type of motion that can transpire at a joint is

determined by the shape of the bones articulating surfaces

passive ROM

distance that you can passively mobilize your clients joint requires your client to relax the muscles of her joint, this will often yield more range of motion than active ROM

soft end feel

elastic sensation felt by tension of muscle tissue such as tight adductors limiting abduction of the hip joint

strains occur frequently in the

hamstrings and low back region

soft end feel

happens when motion is restricted by tissue bumping against other tissue seen and felt wit flexion of the knee or elbow

open kinetic chain

happens when the distal end of a limb is free (open) to move and the proximal segments remain stationary folding clothes, curling a dumbbell, punting a football often used to condition power and agility your limb segments can move in multiple directions

joint barriers

impedes the extent of the movement bony restriction--when a bone meets bone and occurs only during jaw elevation and radioulnar extension tissue limitation--when flesh comes up against flesh happening at the end of hip, knee, and elbow flexion most common restriction to movement in synovial joints is the elastic limit of the joint capsule and ligaments occurring when cruciate ligaments and surrounding articular capsule limit knee extension non pathological

sprains and strains often occur

in and around articulations that possess excessive or reduced joint mobility

strain

injury involving the stretchingor tearing of a muscle or tendon

closed kinetic chain

occurs when the distal end of a limb remains fixed (closed) while the proximal segments are mobilized usually means feet or hands are stationary during an action pull ups, push ups, walking with crutches sitting down with feet in fixed spot

hypermobility

occurs when there is an excess of joint motion stemming from laxity in the joint capsules and ligaments not necessarily pathological tend to be more vulnerable to ligament sprains, swollen joints and recurrent injuries

bony end feel

occurs when two bones make contact a hard sensation is felt when the joint motion ends

rolling, gliding, spinning occur when joints are in their

open packed positions

sprain

refers to a stretch or tear (or both) of noncontractile tissues such as ligaments joint capsules, cartilage, fasciae

kinetic chain

series of joints linked by an arrangement of muscles and bones along the pathway of movement closed or open

muscle guarding end feel

stops early and abruptly with a rebound from hyperactivated muscles usually with pain and often indicates capsular inflammation

what affects the span of available movement

structural factors shape of the joint surfaces elasticity of your joint capsules and surrounding ligaments your muscles strength and tightness injury and any subsequent guarding against pain can further limit motion age, gender, genetics

closed packed position

synovial joint position which its most stable joint surfaces are congruent meaning they have the greatest possible amount of overlap and the ligaments and joint capsule are taut position that a jointis most often injured

range of motion

the amount of movement of a joint and is often expressed in degrees