Trail Guide to the Body Chapter 2 AOIN
Rhomboid Major Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Rhomboid Minor Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Serratus Anterior Origin
External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs
Subclavius Origin
First rib and cartilage
Biceps Brachii Actions
Flex elbow. Supinate forearm. Flex shoulder.
Coracobrachialis Actions
Flex shoulder. Adduct shoulder.
Brachialis Action
Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Brachioradialis Actions
Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint), assist to pronate/supinate the forearm when these movements are resisted
Anconeus Insertion
Olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
Brachioradialis Origin
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Subscapularis Origin
Subscapular fossa of scapula
Flexor digitorum profundus Action
flex the 2nd-5th fingers (metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints)
Flexor digitorum superficialis Action
flex the 2nd-5th fingers (metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints)
Flexor carpi radialis Action
flexes and abducts wrist (radiocarpal joint), and may assist to flex elbow
Palmaris longus Insertion
flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris Insertion
pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Teres Minor Innervation
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Extensor carpi ulnaris Origin
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi ulnaris Origin
Humeral head: common flexor tendon of medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: posterior surface of proximal two thirds of ulna
Extensor digitorum Innervation
Radial C6,7,8
Brachioradialis Insertion
Styloid process of radius
Subclavius Innervation
Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Insertion
base of 3rd metacarpal
Serratus Anterior Actions
Abduct scapula. Upwardly rotate scapula. Depress scapula. Hold medial border of scapula again rib cage. With scapula fixed, may assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation.
Supraspinatus Actions
Abduct shoulder. Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity.
Trapezius Innervation
Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve 11) and ventral ramus (C2,3,4)
Rhomboid Major Actions
Adduct scapula. Elevate scapula. Downwardly rotate scapula.
Triceps Brachii Actions
All heads: extend elbow Long head: extend shoulder, adduct shoulder
Extensor digitorum Insertion
Bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers
Levator Scapula Innervations
Cervical nerve (3,4) and Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Origin
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor digitorum Origin
Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus
Pronator teres Origin
Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
Coracobrachialis Origin
Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis Major Insertion
Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Subclavius Actions
Depress clavicle and draw it anteriorly. Elevate first rib (to assist during inhalation). Stabilize sternoclavicular joint.
Infraspinatus Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Teres Minor Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus Insertion
Greater tubercle of humerus.
Teres Major Origin
Inferior angle of scapula. Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
Inferior angle of scapula. Spinous process of T6-T12. Last three or four ribs. Thoracolumbar aponeurosis. Posterior iliac crest.
Infraspinatus Origin
Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
Intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Trapezius Insertion
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle. Acromion. Spine of scapula.
Supinator Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament and supinator crest of the ulna
Pronator Quadratus Insertion
Lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
Infraspinatus Actions
Laterally rotate shoulder. Adduct shoulder. Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity.
Subscapularis Insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Rhomboid Major Insertion
Medial border of scapula between the spine of scapula and inferior angle
Levator Scapula Insertion
Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
Pectoralis Major Origin
Medial half of clavicle. Sternum. Cartilage of 1-6 ribs.
Pectoralis Minor Innervation
Medial pectoral nerve with some fibers coming from branch of lateral pectoral nerve (C6,7,8, and T1)
Coracobrachialis Insertion
Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
Pronator Quadratus Origin
Medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
Biceps Brachii Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Brachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Extensor indicis Origin
Posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna and interosseous membrane
Pronator Quadratus Action
Pronate the forearm (radioulnar joints)
Pronator teres Actions
Pronate the forearm (radioulnar joints), assist to flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Biceps Brachii Origin
Short head: coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Flexor digitorum superficialis Insertion
Sides of middle phalanges of second through fifth fingers
Rhomboid Minor Origin
Spinous processes of C7-T1
Supinator Action
Supinate the forearm (radioulnar joints)
Supraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
Extensor indicis Insertion
Tendon of the extensor digitorum at the level of the 2nd metacarpal
Levator Scapula Origin
Transverse processes of first through fourth cervical vertebrae
Biceps Brachii Insertion
Tuberosity of radius. Aponeurosis of biceps brachii.
Teres Minor Origin
Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
Pectoralis Major Innervation
Upper Fibers: Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, 6, 7) Lower Fibers: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve (C6, 7, 8, T1)
Subscapularis Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7)
Flexor carpi radialis Insertion
base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Extensor carpi radialis longus Insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
Extensor carpi ulnaris Insertion
base of 5th metacarpal
Flexor digitorum profundus Insertion
bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of digits 2-5
Extensor indicis Action
extend and adduct the 2nd finger (metacarpophalgeal joint), and may assist to extend wrist (radiocarpal joint)
Flexor digitorum profundus Innervation
2nd & 3rd Fingers: Median C7, 8, T1 4th & 5th Fingers: Ulnar C7, 8, T1
Pectoralis Minor Origin
3, 4, and 5 ribs
Rhomboid Minor Actions
Adduct scapula. Elevate scapula. Downwardly rotate scapula.
Pectoralis Major Actions
Adduct shoulder. Medially rotate shoulder. Assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (with arm fixed). Flex shoulder. Horizontally adduct shoulder. Extend shoulder.
Deltoid Actions
All fibers: abduct shoulder Anterior fibers: flex shoulder, medially rotate shoulder, horizontally adduct shoulder Posterior Fibers: extend shoulder, laterally rotate shoulder, horizontally abduct shoulder
Flexor digitorum profundus Origin
Anterior and medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna
Serratus Anterior Insertion
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Supinator Insertion
Anterior, lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin
Common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process, interosseous membrane, and proximal shaft of radius
Teres Major Insertion
Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus.
Deltoid Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity
Pectoralis Minor Actions
Depress scapula. Abduct scapula. Downwardly rotate scapula. With scapula fixed, assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation.
Brachialis Origin
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Levator Scapula Actions
Elevate scapula. Downwardly rotate scapula. Laterally flex head and neck. Rotate head and neck to same side. Extend head and neck.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Action
Extend and abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint), assist to flex elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Extensor carpi radialis longus Action
Extend and abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint), assist to flex elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Latissimus Dorsi Actions
Extend shoulder. Adduct shoulder. Medially rotate shoulder.
Teres Major Actions
Extend shoulder. Adduct shoulder. Medially rotate shoulder.
Anconeus Action
Extend the humeroulnar joint
Trapezius Origin
External occipital protuberance. Medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput. Ligamentum nuchae. Spinous processes of C7-T12.
Subclavius Insertion
Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
Deltoid Origin
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle. Acromion. Spine of scapula.
Teres Minor Actions
Laterally rotate shoulder. Adduct shoulder. Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity.
Triceps Brachii Origin
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: Posterior surface of proximal half of humerus Medial head: Posterior surface of distal half of humerus
Serratus Anterior Innervation
Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7,8)
Teres Major Innervation
Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6,7)
Pectoralis Minor Insertion
Medial surface of coracoid process of the scapula
Subscapularis Actions
Medially rotate shoulder. Stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity.
Pronator teres Innervation
Median nerve (C6, C7)
Palmaris longus Innervation
Median nerve (C6, C7, C8, T1)
Flexor carpi radialis Innervation
Median nerve (C6,7,8)
Pronator Quadratus Innervation
Median nerve (C7 , C8, T1)
Flexor digitorum superficialis Innervation
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Pronator teres Insertion
Middle of lateral surface of radius
Coracobrachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)
Triceps Brachii Insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
Anconeus Innervation
Radial C7, 8
Brachioradialis Innervation
Radial nerve (C5, C6)
Supinator Innervation
Radial nerve (C5,6,7)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Innervation
Radial nerve (C6, 7, 8)
Extensor carpi ulnaris Innervation
Radial nerve (C6, 7, 8)
Extensor indicis Innervation
Radial nerve (C6, 7, 8)
Triceps Brachii Innervation
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8, and T1)
Extensor carpi radialis longus Innervation
Radial nerve - C5, 6, 7, 8
Rhomboid Major Origin
Spinous processes of T2-T5
Infraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)
Supraspinatus Origin
Supraspinatus fossa of scapula.
Palmaris longus Action
Tense the palmar fascia Flex the wrist May assist to flex the elbow
Brachialis Insertion
Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
Flexor carpi ulnaris Innervation
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1)
Trapezius Actions
Upper fibers: extend head and neck, laterally flex H and N to same side, rotate H and N to opposite side, elevate scapula, upwardly rotate scapula. Middle fibers: adduct scapula, stabilize scapula. Lower fibers: depress scapula, upwardly rotate scapula.
Rhomboid Minor Insertion
Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of scapula
Flexor carpi radialis Origin
common flexor tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris longus Origin
common flexor tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus Origin
distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor digitorum Action
extend the 2nd-5th fingers (metacarpophalangeal and interphangeal joints)
Extensor carpi ulnaris Action
extends and adducts wrist (radiocarpal joint)
Flexor carpi ulnaris Action
flexes and adducts radiocarpal joint, assists to flex the elbow
Anconeus Origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
