Translation (Requires Codon Chart)

Protein

A ___________ release factor binds to the stop codon

3

A codon consists of _____ nucleotides

Prokaryote

A micrograph of a polysome extending from a molecule of DNA with mRNA still being transcribed is evidence of the photo coming from this type of organism

P site

After mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit, the first aa-tRNA binds to this site of the ribosome

A, E, P

Alphabetically list the letters used to name the three different tRNA binding sites in a ribosome

Peptide

Amino acids have this type of bond between each other

ATP

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase joins an amino acid to its specific tRNA type using the energy obtained from this molecule

Amino acids

Each type of tRNA binds to just one of twenty _______________

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Name the three steps of translation in the order that they appear

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Name the three types of RNA in the order that they become involved in translation

Polysome

One mRNA can be bound simultaneously to more than one ribosome ... What's that called?

Anticodon

Stop codons are different from all other codons because stop codons have no complementary ______________

aa-tRNA

The acronym for a tRNA molecule bound to an amino acid

UAC

The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is the first to bind to an mRNA molecule during initiation

AUG

The codon on the mRNA molecule that starts translation (the start codon)

A site

The growing polypeptide chain is momentarily passed to this site of the ribosome when a peptide bond is formed between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain

5' to 3'

The mRNA molecule is read in this direction

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

The name of the enzyme responsible for "reloading" tRNA molecules with a new amino acid

Anticodon

The part of the tRNA that binds to an mRNA molecule

Ribosome

The protein building "factory" involved in translation

Translocation

The ribosome moves 3 nucleotides (one codon) along the mRNA during this specific part of elongation

A site

The site on the ribosome where a new aa-tRNA first binds to the ribosome while carrying just one amino acid

E site

The site on the ribosome where the "used" tRNA is passed to in order to be released

Break apart

The stop codon binding to the protein release factor causes the ribosome to ________________

A site

The stop codon never makes it past this site in the ribosome

Wobble

The third nucleotide in a codon is said to be in the _____________ position because it binds weakly and is often non-specific

64

There are _______ possible codons

tRNA

There is no ___________ with the complementary anticodon for the stop codon

GTP

This type of Triphosphate molecule is the source of energy required for elongation

Large

This type of ribosomal subunit is the last to join the protein synthesis complex during initiation

Asn

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: AAC

Met

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: AUG

Pro

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: CCG

Arg

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: CGA

Gly

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: GGU

Leu

Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: UUA

Stop

What type of codon is this: UAA

Stop

What type of codon is this: UAG

Stop

What type of codon is this: UGA

Small

mRNA first has to bind to the ___________ ribosomal subunit during initiation