Translation (Requires Codon Chart)
Protein
A ___________ release factor binds to the stop codon
3
A codon consists of _____ nucleotides
Prokaryote
A micrograph of a polysome extending from a molecule of DNA with mRNA still being transcribed is evidence of the photo coming from this type of organism
P site
After mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit, the first aa-tRNA binds to this site of the ribosome
A, E, P
Alphabetically list the letters used to name the three different tRNA binding sites in a ribosome
Peptide
Amino acids have this type of bond between each other
ATP
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase joins an amino acid to its specific tRNA type using the energy obtained from this molecule
Amino acids
Each type of tRNA binds to just one of twenty _______________
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
Name the three steps of translation in the order that they appear
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
Name the three types of RNA in the order that they become involved in translation
Polysome
One mRNA can be bound simultaneously to more than one ribosome ... What's that called?
Anticodon
Stop codons are different from all other codons because stop codons have no complementary ______________
aa-tRNA
The acronym for a tRNA molecule bound to an amino acid
UAC
The anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is the first to bind to an mRNA molecule during initiation
AUG
The codon on the mRNA molecule that starts translation (the start codon)
A site
The growing polypeptide chain is momentarily passed to this site of the ribosome when a peptide bond is formed between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain
5' to 3'
The mRNA molecule is read in this direction
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
The name of the enzyme responsible for "reloading" tRNA molecules with a new amino acid
Anticodon
The part of the tRNA that binds to an mRNA molecule
Ribosome
The protein building "factory" involved in translation
Translocation
The ribosome moves 3 nucleotides (one codon) along the mRNA during this specific part of elongation
A site
The site on the ribosome where a new aa-tRNA first binds to the ribosome while carrying just one amino acid
E site
The site on the ribosome where the "used" tRNA is passed to in order to be released
Break apart
The stop codon binding to the protein release factor causes the ribosome to ________________
A site
The stop codon never makes it past this site in the ribosome
Wobble
The third nucleotide in a codon is said to be in the _____________ position because it binds weakly and is often non-specific
64
There are _______ possible codons
tRNA
There is no ___________ with the complementary anticodon for the stop codon
GTP
This type of Triphosphate molecule is the source of energy required for elongation
Large
This type of ribosomal subunit is the last to join the protein synthesis complex during initiation
Asn
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: AAC
Met
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: AUG
Pro
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: CCG
Arg
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: CGA
Gly
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: GGU
Leu
Three letter code for amino acid coded by the following codon: UUA
Stop
What type of codon is this: UAA
Stop
What type of codon is this: UAG
Stop
What type of codon is this: UGA
Small
mRNA first has to bind to the ___________ ribosomal subunit during initiation
