Trauma

Establishing an IV line in a trauma patient, warm fluids at which temperature should be administered, if available?

102 degrees F

After managing an internal hemorrhage, it is important to monitor and record vitals signs at least every:

5 minutes

Arterial bleeding may require how many minutes or more of direct pressure to form a clot?

5 minutes

Which of the following factors influences the severity of a stab wound?

The anatomic area involved

Infants and children who experience hemorrhaging may have a normal blood pressure until they have lost what percentage of their blood volume?

50%

The initial stage of hemorrhagic shock is characterized by which of the following signs or symptoms?

Low circulating blood volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion

Trauma patients with which type of injuries are most likely to have injuries incompatible with life?

Open skull injuries

Secondary collisions occur when which of the following happens during a motor vehicle accident?

When an occupant inside the vehicle is hit by objects moving within the vehicle

Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:

falling blood pressure.

According to the American College of Surgeons, an impaired patient should be transported to a Level 1 trauma center if their:

systolic BP is less than 90 mm Hg

During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:

the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel.

Class 2 hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhagic trauma would be characterized by which amount of blood loss from a patient who weighs 154 pounds?

15% to 30%

To avoid exsanguination from severe hemorrhaging of an extremity injury below the axilla or groin, a tourniquet should be applied in less than:

20 seconds.

When packing a wound, you should hold firm, direct manual pressure on the wound for at least:

3 minutes.

A trauma patient has a GCS of 10, a systolic BP of 100 mm HG, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. What is their revised trauma score?

9

Children who have outgrown a car seat but are too small to be restrained by seat belts designed for adults are at risk for which type of injury?

Abdominal

Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function?

Anaphylactic

Upon arriving on scene of a motor vehicle accident, you notice the vehicle has a deformed front end and cracked windshield. The patient's head and face are bruised and heavily lacerated. Based on these findings, which of the following injuries would you expect?

Cervical Spine Injury

A patient exhibiting signs of shock has a markedly elevated respiratory rate, cold and pale skin, diminished urine output, and a thready pulse with heart rate 125 beats/min. This patient would be characterized as being in which class of hypovolemic shock?

Class 3

When assessing a gunshot wound, how can you determine which wound is the exit wound?

Exit wounds are typically more ragged.

Which part of the body is particularly vulnerable to deceleration injuries?

Head

Which component gives red blood cells their red color?

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is true of bleeding from an open vein?

It is darker red in color.

Which type of motor vehicle accidents have the most survivors if the driver and passenger are properly restrained?

Rear impact

You should suspect which type of injury when you see a cracked windshield, bent steering wheel, dashboard damage, intrusion into a vehicle, or an open ankle fracture after a fall?

Spinal

Which of the following factors directly affect cardiac output?

Stroke volume and pulse rate

Which of the following injury mechanisms would most likely result in blunt trauma?

The pressure wave caused by a blast

Which of the following injuries would most likely require transport to a Level 1 trauma center?

Two or more proximal long bone fractures

Most of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fractures continues because:

bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots.

External bleeding would be the most difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the:

carotid artery.

If you suspect a skull fracture, you should:

cover the bleeding site loosely with a sterile gauze pad.

Most external hemorrhage can be controlled with a combination of:

direct pressure and pressure dressings.

The law of conservation of energy states that:

energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only change form

If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should:

keep the patient warm and administer oxygen.

The "platinum 10 minutes" refers to the:

maximum time spent at a scene for a trauma patient.

The most significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

the period over which the blood is lost.

The most critical factor determining the seriousness of a gunshot wound is:

the type of tissue which the projectile passes.

Penetrating trauma occurs when:

tissues are disrupted by single or multiple objects.

The acute physiologic and structural change that occurs in a patient's body when an external source of energy dissipates faster than the body's ability to sustain and deplete it is called:

trauma

A trauma patient with suspected internal hemorrhage and inadequate breathing requires:

ventilation assistance and rapid transport.