Traumatic Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System

Which person is at greatest risk for fracture based on predisposing factors?

40-year-old man who plays on his company softball team

Which is the correct description of a compression fracture?

A fracture that occurs when the bone is crushed

What is a sprain?

An injury to the ligament that surrounds the joint

If a patient has a bone with a single break that forms two pieces with bone ends that still have their alignment, and the skin is not broken at the fracture site, which terms are used to describe this patient's fracture?

Closed Simple Complete

Which stage of the bone healing process fills the gap of the bone?

Granulation

Which cells are responsible for removing debris when healing a bone?

Phagocytic cells remove debris during the procallus stage of the bone healing process. They migrate to the tissue to help create the healing bone structure.

Which is a predisposing factor for repetitive strain injuries?

Repetitive forceful movements

Which pathological change results in bruising?

Ruptured blood vessels in the bone cause bruising, along with soft tissue damage.

Which are the clinical manifestations of a second degree strain?

Severe pain Loss of range of motion

Which statement describes the difference between sprains and strains?

Sprains are injuries to the ligaments; strains are tears in the muscle.

If a patient presents with a torn muscle in the ankle, which kind of traumatic injury does the patient have?

Strain

Which injuries are considered typically of lesser severity?

Strains Sprains Repetitive strain injuries

Which factors prolong a bone's ability to heal?

Taking certain types of drugs Having a lot of inflammation Having systemic health conditions

EMS reports the patient has crepitation. How may this be assessed?

Listening to the site of injury

Which statement describes predisposing factors for fractures?

Men under 45 years of age are more prone to getting fractures.

If a patient presents with a first degree strain, which clinical manifestation is to be expected?

Mild pain

Match the sprain or strain classification to its pathophysiology.

Muscle is severely torn-- Third degree strain Tendon is slightly pulled-- First degree strain The ligament has partial disruption-- Second degree sprain A few fibers of the ligament are torn-- First degree sprain

Why does the patient with repetitive strain injury experience impaired motor function?

Muscles and ligaments become weakened.

Why do patients with repetitive strain injuries experience numbness?

Nerves are compressed

Activity from which structure or cell type occurs during remodeling?

Osteoblastic

If a patient has a first degree sprained ankle, what clinical manifestations can be expected?

Pain Contusion Minimal swelling

Which are clinical manifestations of fractures?

Pallor Bruising Swelling Deformity

Which kind of fracture is caused by weak bone structure, such as osteoporosis?

Pathologic fractures are caused by weak bone structure, which are caused by conditions such as osteoporosis or tumors. The break in a pathologic fracture occurs spontaneously or with very little stress on the bone.

Which patient is at risk for prolonged bone healing?

Patient who develops an infection at the site of the injury

Place the steps of bone healing in the correct order.

The first step in bone healing is hematoma, in which a clot forms in the medullary canal. In the second step of bone healing, granulation tissue grows at the fibrin network. The third step is called procallus, and is when two bone ends become splintered together by the procallus, which makes up the preliminary bridge repair in the bone. In the fourth step of bone healing, osteoblasts generate new bone to fill the gap. Damaged bone is repaired by new bone formation. In the fifth step, the bone is remodeled and excessive bone in the callus is removed while more compact bone is laid down. Finally, in the sixth and final step, the bone is healed.

Why are patients with third degree strains unable to move the muscle?

The muscle is completely torn.

What do sprains and strains have in common?

They both can be caused by twisting motions.

Which statements describe dislocations?

Two bones separate at the joint. One bone is out of position, but the other bone is not.

Which is an activity that can cause repetitive strain injury?

Working as a data entry technician