Types of movements that occur at synovial joints

plantar flexion

o Flexing ankle to move foot down o Isolated to ankle movement

eversion

o Flexing ankle to move foot laterally Isolated to ankle movement

inversion

o Flexing ankle to move foot medially o Isolated to ankle movement

protraction

o Project outwards o Ex) mandible

retraction

o Retract inwards o Ex) mandible

circumduction

o combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction o Appendage describes a cone or circle Ex) upper limb at shoulder

dorsiflextion

o flexing ankle to move foot up o isolated to ankle movement o isolated to forearm

depression

o move down o ex) mandible

elevation

o move up o ex) mandible

abduction

o movement away from the medial plane ex) upper limb at shoulder

extension

o movement of a body part back toward coronal plane and increases the joint angle o ex) vertebral column, shoulder, knee

flexion

o movement of a body part usually anterior to the coronal plane and decreases the joint angle o ex) vertebral column, shoulder, knee

hyperextension

o movement of body part posterior to coronal plane beyond the anatomical position o ex) vertebral column, shoulder

adduction

o movement toward the median plane ex) upper limb at shoulder

supination

o radius and ulna are parallel (flipping palm up) o isolated to forearm

pronation

o radius rotates over ulna (flipping palm down) isolated to forearm

gliding

o the surfaces of bones slide past one another in a linear direction, but without significant rotary or angular movement. o Moving hand back and forth (left to right) in a waving motion -Gliding occurs at the joint of the carpals (wrist bones)

opposition

o touching index finger to thumb o isolated to the thumb saddle joint

rotation

o turning of a structure on its long axis o ex) head, neck, lower limb