U6 AP EURO

Which of the following best supports de Vries' argument?

A- Before the advent of the steam engine, a dense network of canals and roads had been built in Britain in response to the growing commercialization of agriculture and manufacturing.

WOMEN WITH EAGLE BOOK Based on your knowledge of nineteenth-century European history, which of the following best explains the use of gendered symbols such as the one seen in Isto's painting?

A- Bourgeois norms portrayed women as vulnerable and in need of men's protection.

The change in total population in Germany is best explained by which of the following?

A- Improvements in agricultural productivity and food distribution

The impetus for the labor reforms described by the author are best understood in which of the following political contexts?

A- The increasing influence of public opinion and mass political parties

GRAPH YEAR VS MONEY For the late nineteenth and the twentieth century, which of the following best explains the relationship between the trends reflected in the two charts?

A- Technological changes in this period led to dramatic increases in industrial productivity.

NEWSPAPER READ The activities depicted in the image are best explained by which of the following?

A- The development of public and charitable education

The image provides evidence for which of the following social changes?

A- The expansion of voting rights to working-class men

Which of the following best describes the moral positions regarding industrialization expressed by each of the two sources?

A- The medical examiners see industrialization as unjustly oppressing and harming the workers, while Smiles sees it as uplifting the nation and its people.

Metternich likely expressed these sentiments in a letter to the tsar because of

B- Russia's strong support for the Concert of Europe after the Congress of Vienna

The English Women's Journal, "The Profession of the Teacher," First issue, March 1, 1858 A historian would most likely use the passage as evidence for which of the following in the nineteenth century?

B- The economic conditions of educated middle- and upper-class women

The English Women's Journal, "The Profession of the Teacher," First issue, March 1, 1858 Which of the following best explains the movement of women into the teaching profession in the nineteenth century?

B- The education of children in schools was increasingly seen as a respectable occupation for women.

Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, 1993 The changes in Russia described by the author in the first two paragraphs were most directly the result of which of the following?

B- The emergence of a more global economic network resulting from industrialization

The trends shown for Germany in the table are most similar to the trends experienced by

C- Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s

The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles." The quotation above is from the writings of

C- Marx and Engels

Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, 1993 The limitations of industrial development in Russia described by Stearns in the third paragraph were most UNLIKE conditions in which of the following countries in the same time period?

C- Prussia

Vleminckx' perspective in the report best demonstrates which of the following social developments of the nineteenth century?

C- The growth of the cult of domesticity and the increased focus among the bourgeoisie on the nuclear family

Which of the following best explains how the prior development of the putting-out system created the conditions for the early mechanization of the textile industry in Europe?

C- The putting-out system established a large and steady market demand for clothing.

The trend represented on the maps led most European governments in the period to adopt policies to

C- establish police forces and enact public health measures

GRAPH YEAR VS MONEY The trend in typical working hours between 1850 and 1980 was an effect of all of the following EXCEPT

C- home-front economic mobilization during wartime

A historian of nineteenth-century European society is most likely to use Image 2 as evidence that

C- many men feared that women's participation in the public sphere would undermine the established social order

Which of the following conclusions about the economic and political structure of Great Britain is best supported by the passage?

D- Despite changes brought about by industrialization, landed elites still retained significant power.

Marinetti's "scorn for woman" was most likely a reaction to which of the following?

D- Feminist agitation for greater political and social rights

Mekarska's criticisms in the first paragraph best reflect which of the following developments of the nineteenth century?

D- Expanding arguments against industrial capitalism

Compared with a historian espousing the more traditional view of the Industrial Revolution as a truly transformative event, de Vries would be more likely to emphasize the importance of all of the following EXCEPT

D- the greater ability of inventors to profit from their inventions due to government support

Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, 1993 The changes in Russia described in the second paragraph most directly resulted in which of the following?

A- Expansion of urban centers in Russia

Mudie's discussion of the purpose of education for the children in the cooperative is best explained by which of the following?

B- Social reformers drew on the influence of religious ideals in advocating for change.

The passage provides evidence for which of the following features of Russian society?

B-The continued dominance of landowning elites

In the later part of the nineteenth century, which of the following would most directly contribute to the continuation of the overall trend shown in the table?

A- Improvements in infrastructure and public-health regulations

Based on the passage, Cobden would most likely have been associated with which of the following nineteenth-century ideologies?

A- Liberalism

Weber's argument linking Fascism and Jacobinism implies that he was influenced by which of the following?

A- Marxist materialist analysis of social change and historical development

Which of the following best explains why Russia emerged as the leading supporter of the conservative political order established in 1815 ?

A- Russian society had been less influenced by Enlightenment thought than were other European states.

A Marxist historian arguing against the contention regarding the sans-culottes in the first paragraph would likely cite which of the following as evidence?

A- The sans-culottes' identity as rooted in their socioeconomic status

Mekarska's advocacy for wage equality is best understood in the context of

A- the drive for greater political and legal rights for women

The Congress system of diplomacy in the early nineteenth century differed most strongly from the diplomatic arrangements in Europe during the period between the peace of Westphalia and the French Revolution in that members of the Congress system

A- were explicitly committed to intervening in other states to preserve existing regimes

Which of the following is Metternich most strongly critiquing in his letter to the tsar?

D- Skepticism

PIC The material prosperity evident in Image 1 was in part attributable to which of the following?

D- The restoration of political stability in the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna

Which of the following best explains the emphasis that many early-nineteenth-century conservative thinkers placed on the value of religious belief in maintaining social stability?

D- They were responding to the upheaval associated with attempts to supplant Christianity during the radical phase of the French Revolution.

As a result of the 1905 Revolution, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agreed to

D- create a national legislative assembly

Based on the letter and its context, Metternich most clearly supported which of the following principles?

A- The maintenance of traditional social structures and values

GRAPH YEAR VS MONEY Which of the following political developments in Britain was most directly a response to the labor conditions suggested by the data for 1850?

B- British Liberals' shift from laissez-faire to interventionist economic and social policies

Mekarska's discussion in the third paragraph best reflects the persistence of which of the following in nineteenth-century Europe?

D- Gender stereotypes and discrimination

British popular newspapers of the period were most influential in which of the following?

A- Shaping opinion in the emerging sphere of mass politics

The transformation of Le Creusot described by Samuelson in the second paragraph was most directly facilitated by which of the following?

A- Support from the French government

The report best reflects which of the following goals of public education systems in the period before the First World War?

D- Instilling feelings of nationalism

Samuelson's study of Le Creusot is best explained by which of the following characteristics of the British Parliament at the time?

D- Parliament represented commercial and industrial interests.

Which of the following best explains Mudie's purpose in creating the organization described in the pamphlet?

B- Reformers sought to address problems created by the effects of industrialization.

The whole history of society up to now has been the history of class struggles. Our period, however, the bourgeois period, is distinguished by the fact that it has simplified class antagonisms. All society is splitting more and more into two great hostile camps, into two large classes opposing each other directly: bourgeoisie and proletariat." Which of the following wrote the passage above?

B- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Beaulieu's dismissal of legislation as an effective means of changing working conditions is best explained by the continued influence of which of the following in the late nineteenth century?

B- Laissez-faire economic thought

The decision of many Continental European governments to sponsor and subsidize industrial development in the nineteenth century is best explained by which of the following contexts?

B- Ongoing competition between nation-states for prestige and territory

Governments most directly dealt with the type of concerns expressed by Vleminckx in the report by doing which of the following?

B- Passing laws restricting the labor of women and children in mines and factories

Vleminckx' concern that women were becoming "extravagant" reflects bourgeois fears about which of the following?

B- The growing availability of cheap consumer goods during the Second Industrial Revolution

The eventual adoption of Cobden's ideas by the British government contributed most directly to which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?

B- The growth of a global economic network

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two sources' arguments?

A- The medical examiners want the state to legislate on behalf of the workers, while Smiles does not want the state to intervene in labor relations.

Which of the following best explains how increases in agricultural productivity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries created the conditions for industrialization in western Europe?

B- The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food.

Samuelson's characterization of the town of Le Creusot in 1836 in the second paragraph best illustrates which of the following developments?

B- The lag in industrialization of Continental Europe as compared with Great Britain

The estate owner's admonition that the Tsar cannot give orders directly to the serfs is best understood in the context of which of the following?

B- The push by reformers to end serfdom

Which of the following states a point on which the authors of the two sources would likely agree?

C- Industrialization had a profound effect on the lives of individual workers.

Which of the following groups in the nineteenth century would advocate for goals most similar to those of the Equals?

C- Socialists

The changes in the percentage of urban and rural populations shown in the table are best explained by which of the following?

C- The spread of industrial production methods to Germany

Mudie's discussion of the role of women in the cooperative was most likely intended to persuade his audience that

C- he supported greater economic freedom for women while maintaining traditional gender roles

In 1881 and 1882, the French government passed laws making primary education free and compulsory for all children in France. Based on the data in Source 1, all of the following likely influenced French legislators in passing the laws EXCEPT a concern that

C- supporting a large number of small schools was economically inefficient

The changes in working hours described in the passage are best explained by which of the following developments of the late nineteenth century?

D - Government and private reforms

The persistence of the social and economic system illustrated by the passage contributed strongly to which of the following?

D- An increasing productivity gap between Russia and industrialized Europe

The disparity on the 1910 map between the eastern region of Europe and the western and central regions was primarily the result of which of the following?

D- Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices

Which of the following developments within France during the nineteenth century is best understood as a reaction to the divisions shown on the map?

D- The development of a system of compulsory education

Which of the following contributed most to the overall trend represented on the maps?

D- The development of industrialized economies

NEEDLE Which of the following would most directly transform the production method depicted in the image?

D- The mechanization of manufacturing

All of the following contributed to the abolition of slavery by European states EXCEPT the

D- development of racial theories inspired by Darwinism

In the late nineteenth century, the ideals of family life and gender roles reflected in the two images underwent which of the following transformations?

The ideals were increasingly adopted by working-class families