UCO Intro Subs. Abuse Studies Final

Historical association of drugs with minority groups

- Chinese: Opium - African American: Cocaine - Catholic immigrants: Alcohol - Latinos: Marijuana and PCP

Stages of Intervention

1) Nonuse 2) Initial Contact 3) Experimentation 4) At the Integrated Stage 5&6) At the Excessive Use and Addiction Stage

Formal intervention

100% effective

The Harvard School of Public Health found that:

40-45% of college students binge drink

Alcohol is a significant factor in _____% of child abuse cases

90%

The hero

A kid who is a perfectionist and wants to bring a lot of positivity into a family.

Stages of Addiction

Casual drug use (experimental & circumstantial) Intensive drug use Compulsive drug use Addiction

Anxious/ambivalent

Child is upset when mother leaves. When mother returns, child seeks closeness, but also squirms away

Disorganized

Child often seems confused or apprehensive in presence of mother

Casual drug use

Curiosity, boredom, and peer pressure/influence

Intellectualizers

Discount their own feelings

Distorted family system

Don't let outsiders know they are crazy, act as if they are a normal family, just a bit eccentric

Identify a true statement about the war on drugs

Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people

F.R.A.M.E.S

F- feedback R- responsibility A- advice M- menu E- empathy S- self-efficacy

True

High relapse rate is often attributable to the lack of recovery by family members

Which is true of the supply-side approach?

It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis.

Which of the following is true of alcohol?

It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs.

Screenings

MAST, DAST, and CRAFT

DSM V - Continuum of Severity (determined by number of symptoms)

No diagnosis --> Mild (2-3) --> Moderate (4-5) --> Severe (6+)

Potential consequences of college student drinking include:

Property damage, suicide, and hate-related violence

Which U.S. President began the war on drugs?

Richard Nixon

Entitled family system

Rules don't necessarily apply to them because they are special

Counseling and Chemical Dependency

Safety and Stabilization Breaking through Denial Affect, Recognition, and Modulation

AA uses what kind of prayer?

Serenity Prayer

The enabler

Someone who allows the addiction to continue.

The lost child

Someone who pulls away or removes themselves from the family; brings "no attention"

Which of the following is true of fatalities arising from drinking and driving among young drivers?

They are influenced by the overconfidence of a young driver.

The mascot

They make jokes to distract from what's really happening and bring the focus elsewhere

Family therapist who was the first to describe the family using the metaphor of a mobile

Virginia Satir

Stages of Alcohol and Drug Recovery

Withdrawal (0-15 days) Honeymoon (16-45 days) The Wall (46-120 days) Adjustment (121-180 days) Resolution (181-360 days) After Resolution and Beyond (1 year+)

DSM IV- definition of substance abuse

a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 2 (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period

James Masterson

abandonment depression occurs in first 18-24 months

boundaries

act as guideposts for children to bump into as they test their own independence and developmental skills

clear boundaries

allow children to develop, grow, and differentiate from the family

Akrasia

an appetite or strong desire for pleasure that leads to actions that are harmful to our conscious wishes for our well-being

Anger

an effective defense to keep family members from talking about issues and feelings that might indicate an alcohol/drug problem in the family

How many people currently receive treatment for drug or alcohol addiction?

approximately 1 million people

Children of alcoholics

are at the highest risk of developing alcoholism themselves or marrying someone who is alcoholic

Contemplation

aware of the problem and of the desired behavior change

Which is true of the marijuana use among school students?

daily marijuana use by 8th graders has declined over the last five years

Blamers

discount context

Placaters

discount themselves

Intensive drug use

drug use goes from casual to more intense and vigorous

Compulsive drug use

drug use goes from frequent use to an irresistible urge to use

Family systems always seek

balance or homeostasis

Supportive parent

child feels accepted, approved of, and loved

Controlling parent

child feels resentful, frustrated, and angry

secure attachment

child stays close to mother, shows moderate distress when separated, and is happy when mother returns

Avoidant

child treats mother and stranger the same and rarely cries when mother leaves

Harlow monkey studies

contact comfort, the importance of pleasurable tactile sensations provided by something soft and cuddly that can promote attachment

Blamers

elevate themselves by discounting others

poor boundaries

escalate conflict and frustration leading to disrespect and poor communication

How many Americans have at least one alcoholic parent?

estimated 28 million

intervention

everything one does to create awareness of an alcohol/drug problem

an essential element of change

exertion

motivational interviewing

express empathy, develop discrepancy, avoid argumentation, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy

1983

formation of the National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACOA)

Children of alcoholics

frequently victims of incest, child neglect, and other forms of violence and exploitation

good boundaries

good communication, respectful negotiation, connection between parents and children

change can be

gradual or abrupt

Timmen Cermak stated

growing up in an alcoholic family system is analogous to PTSD because of the coping mechanisms used

More than half of all alcoholics

have an alcoholic parent

Ambiguous family system

have rules but don't enforce them, and they change them if someone is annoyed or inconvenienced

Adult Child of Alcoholics

identity is defined by other's opinions, workaholic, defensive, fear of closeness, atypical depression, codependency, boundary inadequacy, and overattachment/overseparation

Carol Kempher

increased alcoholism, antisocial, sexually deviant behavior, mental and emotional problems, marital conflict, and parental absenteeism lead to parental imbalance

Private self

individual is aware, but others aren't

Blind self

individual is not consciously aware of, but others are

enmeshed boundaries

inflexible, unyielding and leave no room for differences

Preparation

intends to take action

Alcohol use by men is involved in 25-50% of

intimate partner violence

Recovery

is a lifelong process

Public self

known by individual and other close to individual

Unloving and cold parent

lack love, warmth, and closeness

The primary viewpoint of law enforcement and the criminal justice system

moral-legal perspective

4 primary perspectives of substance abuse are:

moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural

dry relapse

occurs when a person is sliding towards engaging in the addictive behavior in terms of his or her mental and emotional state but continues to resist actually using the drug or engaging in the addictive behavior

disengaged boundaries

overly rigid, little or no opportunity for communication

Authoritarian (high C, low W)

parents are rigid and punitive, low on warmth and responsiveness (easily upset, moody, aggressive)

Authoritative (high C, high W)

parents generally set and enforce firm limits, while also being highly involved, tender, and emotionally supportive (self-reliant, self-controlled

Permissive-neglectful (low C, low W)

parents make few demands, with little structure or monitoring, and show little interest or emotional support (children- poor social skills and little self-control)

Permissive-indulgent (low C, high W)

parents set few limits or demands, but are highly involved and emotionally connected (impulsive, immature, and fail to learn respect for others, out of control)

the goal of change is

personal transformation

Action

practices the desired behavior

The perspective focuses on prevention, early intervention, and treatment of drug problems is best described as the:

psychosocial perspective

Held by most social agencies and institutions in the U.S.

social-cultural perspective

The perspective that attempts to adapt the environment to meet the individual's needs is the:

social-cultural perspective

Rigid family system

strict interpretation of rules, inflexible (extenuating circumstances), rules keeper is exempt from rules

At least one of the following must apply within a 12-month period

substance abuse

At least three of the following must apply within a 12-month period

substance dependence

Enabling behavior

taking responsibility for someone else's lack of responsibility, or softening the consequences for someone's irresponsibility

Precontemplation

unaware of the problem

Five styles to managing anxiety

underfunctioners, overfunctioners, blamers, pursuers, distancers

Discovery self

will be discovered in future on the journey

Maintenance

works to sustain the behavior change

Assessments

ASI, SASSI

Most widely used approach for recovery from alcoholism and drug addiction

Alcoholics Anonymous

Which of the following is true of the drug problems of people of color?

All of the options are correct.

Overextended family system

Be productive, get busy, stay on the move

Which time of the school year is the most dangerous with respect to drinking behavior among college students?

The first 6 weeks of school

The scapegoat

The one who brings the negative attention to the family; they usually act out