UCO Intro Subs. Abuse Studies Final
Historical association of drugs with minority groups
- Chinese: Opium - African American: Cocaine - Catholic immigrants: Alcohol - Latinos: Marijuana and PCP
Stages of Intervention
1) Nonuse 2) Initial Contact 3) Experimentation 4) At the Integrated Stage 5&6) At the Excessive Use and Addiction Stage
Formal intervention
100% effective
The Harvard School of Public Health found that:
40-45% of college students binge drink
Alcohol is a significant factor in _____% of child abuse cases
90%
The hero
A kid who is a perfectionist and wants to bring a lot of positivity into a family.
Stages of Addiction
Casual drug use (experimental & circumstantial) Intensive drug use Compulsive drug use Addiction
Anxious/ambivalent
Child is upset when mother leaves. When mother returns, child seeks closeness, but also squirms away
Disorganized
Child often seems confused or apprehensive in presence of mother
Casual drug use
Curiosity, boredom, and peer pressure/influence
Intellectualizers
Discount their own feelings
Distorted family system
Don't let outsiders know they are crazy, act as if they are a normal family, just a bit eccentric
Identify a true statement about the war on drugs
Drug-specific approaches led to increased drug use by young people
F.R.A.M.E.S
F- feedback R- responsibility A- advice M- menu E- empathy S- self-efficacy
True
High relapse rate is often attributable to the lack of recovery by family members
Which is true of the supply-side approach?
It is not effective without a demand-side emphasis.
Which of the following is true of alcohol?
It is often overlooked for not being included in the war on drugs.
Screenings
MAST, DAST, and CRAFT
DSM V - Continuum of Severity (determined by number of symptoms)
No diagnosis --> Mild (2-3) --> Moderate (4-5) --> Severe (6+)
Potential consequences of college student drinking include:
Property damage, suicide, and hate-related violence
Which U.S. President began the war on drugs?
Richard Nixon
Entitled family system
Rules don't necessarily apply to them because they are special
Counseling and Chemical Dependency
Safety and Stabilization Breaking through Denial Affect, Recognition, and Modulation
AA uses what kind of prayer?
Serenity Prayer
The enabler
Someone who allows the addiction to continue.
The lost child
Someone who pulls away or removes themselves from the family; brings "no attention"
Which of the following is true of fatalities arising from drinking and driving among young drivers?
They are influenced by the overconfidence of a young driver.
The mascot
They make jokes to distract from what's really happening and bring the focus elsewhere
Family therapist who was the first to describe the family using the metaphor of a mobile
Virginia Satir
Stages of Alcohol and Drug Recovery
Withdrawal (0-15 days) Honeymoon (16-45 days) The Wall (46-120 days) Adjustment (121-180 days) Resolution (181-360 days) After Resolution and Beyond (1 year+)
DSM IV- definition of substance abuse
a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 2 (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period
James Masterson
abandonment depression occurs in first 18-24 months
boundaries
act as guideposts for children to bump into as they test their own independence and developmental skills
clear boundaries
allow children to develop, grow, and differentiate from the family
Akrasia
an appetite or strong desire for pleasure that leads to actions that are harmful to our conscious wishes for our well-being
Anger
an effective defense to keep family members from talking about issues and feelings that might indicate an alcohol/drug problem in the family
How many people currently receive treatment for drug or alcohol addiction?
approximately 1 million people
Children of alcoholics
are at the highest risk of developing alcoholism themselves or marrying someone who is alcoholic
Contemplation
aware of the problem and of the desired behavior change
Which is true of the marijuana use among school students?
daily marijuana use by 8th graders has declined over the last five years
Blamers
discount context
Placaters
discount themselves
Intensive drug use
drug use goes from casual to more intense and vigorous
Compulsive drug use
drug use goes from frequent use to an irresistible urge to use
Family systems always seek
balance or homeostasis
Supportive parent
child feels accepted, approved of, and loved
Controlling parent
child feels resentful, frustrated, and angry
secure attachment
child stays close to mother, shows moderate distress when separated, and is happy when mother returns
Avoidant
child treats mother and stranger the same and rarely cries when mother leaves
Harlow monkey studies
contact comfort, the importance of pleasurable tactile sensations provided by something soft and cuddly that can promote attachment
Blamers
elevate themselves by discounting others
poor boundaries
escalate conflict and frustration leading to disrespect and poor communication
How many Americans have at least one alcoholic parent?
estimated 28 million
intervention
everything one does to create awareness of an alcohol/drug problem
an essential element of change
exertion
motivational interviewing
express empathy, develop discrepancy, avoid argumentation, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy
1983
formation of the National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACOA)
Children of alcoholics
frequently victims of incest, child neglect, and other forms of violence and exploitation
good boundaries
good communication, respectful negotiation, connection between parents and children
change can be
gradual or abrupt
Timmen Cermak stated
growing up in an alcoholic family system is analogous to PTSD because of the coping mechanisms used
More than half of all alcoholics
have an alcoholic parent
Ambiguous family system
have rules but don't enforce them, and they change them if someone is annoyed or inconvenienced
Adult Child of Alcoholics
identity is defined by other's opinions, workaholic, defensive, fear of closeness, atypical depression, codependency, boundary inadequacy, and overattachment/overseparation
Carol Kempher
increased alcoholism, antisocial, sexually deviant behavior, mental and emotional problems, marital conflict, and parental absenteeism lead to parental imbalance
Private self
individual is aware, but others aren't
Blind self
individual is not consciously aware of, but others are
enmeshed boundaries
inflexible, unyielding and leave no room for differences
Preparation
intends to take action
Alcohol use by men is involved in 25-50% of
intimate partner violence
Recovery
is a lifelong process
Public self
known by individual and other close to individual
Unloving and cold parent
lack love, warmth, and closeness
The primary viewpoint of law enforcement and the criminal justice system
moral-legal perspective
4 primary perspectives of substance abuse are:
moral-legal, medical-health, psycho-social, and socio-cultural
dry relapse
occurs when a person is sliding towards engaging in the addictive behavior in terms of his or her mental and emotional state but continues to resist actually using the drug or engaging in the addictive behavior
disengaged boundaries
overly rigid, little or no opportunity for communication
Authoritarian (high C, low W)
parents are rigid and punitive, low on warmth and responsiveness (easily upset, moody, aggressive)
Authoritative (high C, high W)
parents generally set and enforce firm limits, while also being highly involved, tender, and emotionally supportive (self-reliant, self-controlled
Permissive-neglectful (low C, low W)
parents make few demands, with little structure or monitoring, and show little interest or emotional support (children- poor social skills and little self-control)
Permissive-indulgent (low C, high W)
parents set few limits or demands, but are highly involved and emotionally connected (impulsive, immature, and fail to learn respect for others, out of control)
the goal of change is
personal transformation
Action
practices the desired behavior
The perspective focuses on prevention, early intervention, and treatment of drug problems is best described as the:
psychosocial perspective
Held by most social agencies and institutions in the U.S.
social-cultural perspective
The perspective that attempts to adapt the environment to meet the individual's needs is the:
social-cultural perspective
Rigid family system
strict interpretation of rules, inflexible (extenuating circumstances), rules keeper is exempt from rules
At least one of the following must apply within a 12-month period
substance abuse
At least three of the following must apply within a 12-month period
substance dependence
Enabling behavior
taking responsibility for someone else's lack of responsibility, or softening the consequences for someone's irresponsibility
Precontemplation
unaware of the problem
Five styles to managing anxiety
underfunctioners, overfunctioners, blamers, pursuers, distancers
Discovery self
will be discovered in future on the journey
Maintenance
works to sustain the behavior change
Assessments
ASI, SASSI
Most widely used approach for recovery from alcoholism and drug addiction
Alcoholics Anonymous
Which of the following is true of the drug problems of people of color?
All of the options are correct.
Overextended family system
Be productive, get busy, stay on the move
Which time of the school year is the most dangerous with respect to drinking behavior among college students?
The first 6 weeks of school
The scapegoat
The one who brings the negative attention to the family; they usually act out