Managment notes chapter 4

steps in the decision-making process

-Choosing the alternative that is likely to be most effective -Developing a plan to put the decision into effect -Identifying alternative courses of action 1.Recognizing and defining a decision situation 2.Identifying alternative actions 3.Choosing the most effective alternative 4.Putting the decision into effect

The table gives descriptions of different methods used for group decision making. For each row, identify the method described.

-Due to the relatively unstructured discussion among group members, political processes may have too much influence on the group's decision = interacting group -After group members read each other's proposals, they discuss them and then vote; the highest-ranked alternative after the vote is considered to represent the consensus opinion. = nominal group -Group coordinators present the "average" opinion to the group members, who provide opinions in multiple rounds until they are in agreement. = Delphi Group

Which of the following are common disadvantages of group or team decision making? Check all that apply.

-It is more difficult for a group to communicate its decision than for an individual to do so. -Dominant group members exercise more influence than they should.

Which of the following are principles of evidence-based management (EBM)

-Use the best information available to inform decisions. -Promote experimentation with various alternatives to learn how well they work. -Analyze recommendations, looking for potential downsides. -Establish an organizational culture in which people are encouraged to always be positive. -Use the best information available to inform decisions. -Do things the way the organization has done them before because the outcomes are known. -Promote experimentation with various alternatives to learn how well they work. -Analyze recommendations, looking for potential downsides.

Managers often use information that is ____ to make decisions.

incomplete

What is intuition?

A belief that is based on a person's unconscious application of experience

The table lists the six steps in the idealized rational decision-making process. For each step, identify in which order it occurs.

1.Define the decision that needs to be made. 2.Determine possible courses of action. 3.Consider each alternative in terms of how feasible and satisfactory it is and what its likely consequences will be. 4.Choose the alternative most appropriate to the situation. 5.Make an operational plan to put the decision into effect. 6.Determine whether the decision was correct and well executed.

Select the term that best completes the following sentence. A decision that is routine because it is made frequently or is structured by clear rules is a ______ decision.

Programmed

Select the correct response for the following questions. Managers make decisions under different types of conditions. Which of the following describes a state of certainty?

The manager completely understands the available alternatives and the outcome of each.

Managers make decisions under different types of conditions. Which of the following describes a state of risk?

The manager understands the availability of each alternative and the probability that each will have the desired outcome.