Ultimate AP Gov Study Guide IWA Ch.1-3
How was the Every Student Succeeds Act different than No Child Left Behind?
It devolved more power to the state in setting educational standards.
Cooperative federalism is:
when the states and the national government work together to shape public policy.
Participatory democracy theory is defined as a theory that:
widespread political participation is essential for democratic government.
Which delegate would MOST likely be familiar with the concept of separation of powers?
one who has studied the written works of Baron de Montesquieu
Katie is studying the reserved powers under the American federal system for an upcoming exam. Which authority should Katie include in her studying?
conducting elections
A separation of powers within a government is best defined as:
distributing powers across different institutions so that no one branch can become too powerful on its own.
Maria is a political scientist who believes that the national government and the state governments should work independent of one another to create public policy. Which would Maria be in favor of?
dual federalism
How long did the compromises on slavery last?
eighty years
In a constitutional republic, _____ make most of the laws and policies of the nation.
elected representatives
Which power is an enumerated power of the executive branch?
nominating judges to federal courts
Historically, the Marshall Court ruled in favor of:
the national government.
Congress is granted the powers necessary to carrying out its enumerated abilities through:
the necessary and proper clause.
In its most basic form, power in a democracy is held by:
the people.
The concept of popular sovereignty implies that the government's right to rule comes from:
the people.
In a confederal system:
the subnational governments have most of the power.
The approval of how many states was required to amend the Articles of Confederation?
thirteen
What is the function of the Fifteenth Amendment?
to allow African American citizens to vote.
Why was the Equal Access Act passed in 1984?
to extend protections to public high school students to organize religious clubs
What is the purpose of the Thirteenth Amendment?
to outlaw slavery
A Federalist is:
A Federalist is:
Which statement best describes the supremacy clause?
A clause that declares the Constitution, and any national laws and treaties, as the supreme law of the land.
Which statement BEST defines a system of checks and balances?
A government in which each branch has the ability to prevent the other branches from making policy.
Which statement BEST defines the Riot Act?
A law that absolved sheriffs or other officials from prosecution from killing rebels or rioters.
Which statement BEST describes the Constitutional Convention?
A meeting held to fix the Articles of Confederation.
Which is an example of a result of the victory in the United States v. Windsor?
A same-sex couple whose marriage will now be recognized by both their state of residence and the federal government.
Which statement BEST describes James Madison's attitude towards the Annapolis Convention?
Hopeful for a major change in the structure of the government.
Which statement BEST summarizes the powers given to the legislature under the Great Compromise?
Additional powers over commerce, lawmaking, and taxation.
Why was the national government left intentionally weak under the Articles of Confederation?
Americans feared a government that would become tyrannical as Great Britain had.
When the government asks states to implement a policy, but does provide funds to assist in doing so, it is called:
An unfunded mandate.
Which key figure has lessened the possibility for relaxed laws on marijuana?
Attorney General Sessions
Which President was responsible for passing the Defense of Marriage Act?
Bill Clinton
Which statement BEST describes the economic state of America following the Revolutionary War?
Difficult, lacking hard money with increased debt.
Despite the rebels being defeated, Shays's Rebellion was successful in:
Drawing George Washington out of retirement.
The argument against federal control over education can be BEST summarized with which statement?
Education has traditionally been a state issue and the federal government has overstepped its boundaries.
Assume Spain has territory in North America and hopes to acquire more. What outcome would Spain hope for from the Philadelphia Convention?
Failure, so Spain could launch a war on the weak United States and overtake all territory.
Julia is part of the _______________________________________________ government, which gives her the authority to coin money, declare war, and make treaties.
Federal
Which statement BEST describes the trend of federal authority in the second half of the twentieth century?
Federal authority increased and expanded into the economy.
Which is a function of block grants?
Funds are provided in a way that increases state and local authority on how funds are spent.
Money from the national government that is given to the states for the purpose of carrying out public policy that the national government has deemed important is known as:
Grants-in-aid
Which statement BEST describes how the rebels were treated following Shays's Rebellion?
Many returned to their homes and towns and lived normal lives.
How were the members of Shays's Rebellion able to genuinely challenge the Massachusetts government?
Many were veterans of the Revolutionary War.
Shays's Rebellion was a grassroots uprising against the ____________________________ state government.
Massachusetts
Which state spends more per-pupil?
New York
Which scenario BEST shows an ex post facto law in effect?
One month ago, Abigail performed an action that was not a crime then, but is now being punished for that action since it is now illegal.
Which state has legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes?
Oregon
Assume a committee in Congress wishes to propose a new amendment, what is required for the committee to do so?
Passing the new amendment by a two-thirds vote in both chambers of Congress or passing the new amendment in a national convention called by two-thirds of the states.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between politics and government?
Politics describe processes that influence government.
Which statement BEST explains a method for ratifying a proposed amendment to the Constitution?
Ratification by a majority vote in three-fourths of state legislatures.
When the federal government provides states with tax money and no provisions on how the money should be spent, it is known as:
Revenue sharing.
What was the argument Edith Windsor used when she sued the federal government?
She stated that her marriage should be recognized at a federal level based on due process laws.
On what basis did Bridget Mergens request to start a Christian Bible study club at her school?
Students with other interests had created clubs.
Under the Obama administration, how did the Justice Department handle enforcing the Controlled Substances Act?
The Justice Department was to focus on drug trafficking.
Which group assisted Edith Windsor in filing a suit against the federal government?
The LGBT Community Center in New York
What was the significance of the Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) case?
The Marshall Court used this case to weigh in on the powers of Congress under the commerce clause.
Which amendment has recently become an important tool in asserting state authority?
The Tenth Amendment
Why did the appeals court rule in favor of Raich and Monson?
The appeals court believed that DEA raids restricted rights given to them by the state.
The commerce clause within the Constitution gives Congress which power?
The authority to regulate interstate business and any commercial activity.
One important outcome of the Annapolis Convention was:
The call for another convention in Philadelphia the following year.
Which statement BEST summarizes the relationship between basic rights and the privileges and immunities clause?
The more fundamental the right, the better it is protected under the privileges and immunities clause.
Which statement BEST summarizes the effect of the Great Depression on American federalism?
The national government grew stronger since the states could not cope with the crisis.
Which statement BEST describes the concept of fiscal federalism?
The national government using grants-in-aid to influence state policies.
Which statement BEST defines the writ of habeas corpus?
The right of someone being detained by the government to know the charges against them.
According to Article VIII, what factor determined how much a state was supposed to contribute to the common treasury?
The size and value of land within each state.
Which statement BEST summarizes the system of dual federalism?
The state and national governments operate within their own areas of public policy.
Robert has been unemployed for a couple months now due to the Great Depression, but has gotten a job through the Works Progress Administration. Which job is Robert likely to have now?
building a new public school
Which statement BEST summarizes how the national government and state government conflicted in the case of Angel Raich and Diane Monson?
The use of marijuana for medical treatment was legal under state law but illegal under federal law.
The Controlled Substances Act is an example of Congress exercising which constitutional power?
Their authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Why did the Supreme Court rule against Raich and Monson even though their marijuana usage was for personal reasons?
There is a market for marijuana that substantially impacts interstate commerce.
What makes inalienable rights inalienable?
They cannot be taken away by government.
Which statement BEST describes the feelings of those delegates who opposed slavery?
They saw it as a necessary evil to the economic success of the country.
What was the main purpose of Lyndon Johnson's the Great Society?
To create programs that would ensure funds given to states would not discriminate against minorities.
Upon his nomination for the Republican Party in 1980, Reagan promised:
To devolve power back to the states.
Article VIII of the Articles of Confederation calls for all costs of defense to be taken from a common treasury, why was this an issue?
Congress did not have the power to tax and states generally refused to send money when it was requested.
Which statement BEST summarizes the case of United States v. Lopez?
Congress had violated the commerce clause when creating the Gun-Free School Zones Act.
The New Deal is an example of ______________________________________________________ federalism.
Cooperative
All of the following ideas were affirmed as "self-evident" in the Declaration of Independence, making them part of the country's DNA EXCEPT that:
God ordained a constitutional republic for the United States.
Which of the following is a civil society group?
Habitat for Humanity
Which statement BEST describes Marshall's argument against the literal interpretation of the Constitution?
He did not believe the Constitution could contain all necessary legal codes or responsibilities.
What is the function of the necessary and proper clause?
It allows the national government to make any laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
Which is a fact of the McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) case?
It centered on the question if Congress could charter national banks.
Which of the following statements demonstrates the tensions inherent in the two visions of liberty?
It may mean freedom from government interference or freedom to pursue one's dream.
Which statement BEST summarizes the effect Raich and Monson's legal challenge had on the question of authority under the American federal system?
It raised questions about the boundaries between the powers of the federal and state governments.
What is the overall significance of United States v. Lopez?
It reversed the trend of expanding national power.
Who is considered one of the most important figures in shaping the American federal system of government?
John Marshall
The _______________________ branch is responsible for hearing and deciding on cases within federal courts.
Judicial
According to John Locke, per the terms of the _____________________________________________, people give to their governments the ability to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society.
Social contract
How is a categorical grant an example of expanding national power?
States depend on the money to maintain a policy that was implemented with a categorical grant.
Which statement BEST explains the precedent Chief Justice John Marshall set regarding the Constitution?
That Congress has certain implied powers that are not listed in the Constitution.
Once the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case, what was the responsibility of the United States?
To prove that the Gun-Free School Zones Act regulated an activity that was related to interstate commerce.
Why did James Madison study the histories of different forms of government?
To understand how to create a republic that would last.
Large states worried that they would be ______________________ in a legislature with equal representation.
Underrepresented
The Confederal Congress was made up of one chamber, making it ___________________________________.
Unicameral
In the case of Angel Raich and Diane Monson, the question was:
Whether or not state law superseded federal law.
A document that outlines principles for governance and establishes institutions of government is called:
a constitution.
A republic can be defined as:
a government ruled by representatives of the people.
Which of the following is the BEST archetype of the American Dream?
a poor immigrant who becomes a wealthy and happy CEO by working two jobs and attending night school
Federalism can be defined as:
a system of government that divides power between the state and national governments.
Who would have been MOST likely to attend the Constitutional Convention?
a wealthy, well-educated, white man
The Three-Fifths Compromise is BEST described as:
an agreement that states that slaves count as three-fifths of a person for representative purposes.
How would one classify the authority to create an air force?
an implied power
How did the founding fathers treat the topic of slavery during the Constitutional Convention?
as a question of representation in states
According to an essay James Madison wrote regarding slavery, how should slaves be considered?
as both people and property
Your principal has selected you to become chairperson of planning for your senior prom. You want to make decisions about the prom in a republican manner. Which course of action should you take as a result?
ask each group of twenty seniors to select people to speak on their behalf on prom matters
The Great Compromise established a two-chamber legislature, making it:
bicameral.
Members of Occupy Wall Street, who protested the 1 percent of people who they argued controlled a disproportionate amount of wealth and thus political power, would MOST likely advocate which theory of democracy?
elitist theory
Pluralist theory is defined as a theory that:
emphasizes the role of groups in the policymaking process.
Which of the following best articulates the Boyd County GSA's rationale for suing the school district in 2002?
enforcing a club shutdown against only the GSA discriminated against the GSA
According to the Great Compromise, how were states to be represented?
equally in the Senate, proportionately in the House of Representatives
Powers that only the national government has are known as:
exclusive powers.
Powers that are specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution are known as:
expressed powers.
A system that shares power between the national government and the state government is a characteristic of:
federalism
Bridget Mergens's and the Boyd County GSA's efforts both demonstrated:
how to use tactics effectively in the political process.
What was the root cause of Shays's Rebellion?
increased foreclosures to pay state debts
It is 1786 and William, who lives in Rhode Island, is hearing talk of replacing the Articles of Confederation. Which is a fear William is MOST likely to have?
loss of equal representation in Congress
The legislative branch is responsible for:
making and passing laws.
If the legislature declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial, they are:
passing a bill of attainder.
You and your classmates have had enough of your AP U.S. government teacher's tyranny and seek to remove yourself from his or her autocratic rule. You intend to write a manifesto, as did Thomas Jefferson in 1776, because that seemed to stir up public opinion so well. As a result of your affinity for Jefferson and his declaration, your manifesto should include all the following EXCEPT a(n):
plan for a future and better A.P. U.S. government teacher.
The structures of government, including the executive, legislature, and judiciary are known as __________________________________________________________________.
political institutions.
The key concept that differentiates participatory democratic theory, pluralist theory, and elitist theory is how:
power and influences are distributed in American democracy.
Implied powers can be defined as:
powers that are necessary to carry out enumerated powers, but are not specifically listed in the Constitution.
Powers that are retained for the people and the states, which are not given to the national government, are:
reserved powers
Gianna has served in her state government for four years and wants to move up to a national government role, but still represent the people of her state and advocate for their interests. Which action is Gianna MOST likely to take?
run for an open seat in the Senate
Totalitarian states and authoritarian states are similar in that both:
seek to suppress their citizens' voices to maintain a grip on power.
The process by which liberties in the Bill of Rights are applied to states on a case-by-case basis is known as:
selective incorporation.
The full faith and credit clause in the Constitution requires:
states to recognize public acts and records from other states.
Which agreement states that the slave trade cannot be restricted until 1808 at the earliest?
the Compromise on Importation
The Constitution includes a supremacy clause, which states that:
the Constitution and the laws of the federal government are the highest laws of the land.
he concept that anyone who is born in the United States is a United States citizen is part of:
the Fourteenth Amendment.
Roosevelt established a series of programs that would provide financial aid and insurance to Americans known as:
the New Deal.
A unicameral legislature where each state receives one vote and the legislature is afforded new powers are characteristics of:
the New Jersey Plan.
As a result of the Boyd County GSA's legal case against the school district:
the Supreme Court broadly extended the rights of public school students.
Michelle is a resident of Alabama. She wants to sue for her civil rights but wants to do so in a way that will be hardest to overturn and will be applicable nationwide. She should base her legal argument on principles found in:
the U.S. Constitution.
Which is an example of a concurrent power?
the ability to create a court system
A unitary system of government is one in which:
the central government has power over all subnational governments.
The term "Lochner Era," used by legal scholars, refers to a time in American history when:
the governments tried to regulate working conditions.
Daniel is in charge of reporting to the delegates how many states plan on ratifying the Constitution and so far can report that six states intend on ratifying. How many more states are needed to ratify the Constitution?
three
Why is the assertion of popular sovereignty placed where it is in the Constitution?
to assert its primacy over all branches of government
There was one dissenting opinion on the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which stated that:
when it comes to civil rights, all citizens are created equal.
