Unit 02: Lecture & Lab Exam Study Guide

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Components/ General Structure of a Synovial Joint:

- Periosteum surrounds outer layer of bone -------- - Joint Capsule: fibrous articular joint capsules + synovial membrane - Synovial fluid inside the joint cavity - Articular cartilages - Joint cavity containing synovial fluid ----------- - Ligament outside of the Periosteum

Classification of Synovial Joints:

- Pivot joint (Ex: Between C1 & C2 vertebrae) - Hinge and Joint (Ex: Elbow) - Saddle Joint (Ex: Between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone) - Plane Joint (Ex: Between tarsal bones

The 6 basic characteristics of diarthroses/synovial joints:

1) An articular/joint capsule 2) The presence of articular cartilage 3) A joint cavity with synovial fluid 4) A synovial membrane 5) Accessory structures: cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae, fat pads) 6) Nerves and blood vessels

Function - range of motion of the joint

1) Diarthrosis: more mobile, less stable 2) Ampiarthrosis: slight mobility, slightly stable 3) Synarthrosis: very little to no mobility, very stable

Basic properties of muscle tissue:

1) Excitability - the ability to respond to stimuli 2) Contractility - the ability to shorten and generate force 3) Extensibility - the ability to stretch beyond original length without tearing 4) Elasticity - the ability to return towards is original length

Structures of the joint:

1) Fibrous: bones connected by dense regular connective tissue 2) Cartilaginous: bones joined by cartilage 3) Synovial: articulating bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity

Which classification of articulation is represented by the articulation between the tibia and fibula? A) synarthrosis B) amphiarthrosis C) diarthrosis D) synovial

Amphiarthrosis

Symphysis (joint structure):

Amphiarthrosis cartilaginous. Example: Pubic synphysis

Syndesmosis (joint structure):

Amphiarthrosis fibrous. Example: Distal articulation between the tibia and fibula

Synovial (joint structure):

Articulating bones separated by fluid-filled cavity.

Fibrous (joint structure):

Bones connected by dense regular connective tissue.

Cartilaginous (joint structure):

Bones joined by cartilage.

Which of the following identifies the type of articulation between the femur and the tibia? A) amphiarthrosis B) synarthrosis C) syndesmosis D) diarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Joints (articulations):

Exist wherever two or more bones meet. Bones provide support and mobility - movements are restricted to joints.

Diarthrosis (joint function):

Freely movable joints

Synarthrosis (joint function):

Immovable joints

Movement - Lateral flexion:

Occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side. This movement is more pronounced in the cervical and thoracic regions.

Amphiarthrosis (joint function):

Slightly movable joints

Which of the following identifies the type of articulation between the bones of the skull? A) symphysis B) gomphosis C) syndesmosis D) sutureSuture

Suture

Synchondrosis (joint structure):

Synarthrosis cartilaginous. Examples: cartilage between the ribs and sternum

Gomphosis joints (joint structure):

Synarthrosis fibrous. Example: teeth

Suture (joint structure):

Synarthrosis fibrous. Example: skull sutures

Define excitability in muscle tissue:

The ability to respond to stimuli

Define elasticity in muscle tissue:

The ability to return toward its original length

Define contractility in muscle tissue:

The ability to shorten and generate force

Define extensibility in muscle tissue:

The ability to stretch beyond original length, without tearing

Movement - Depression:

When a structure moves in a inferior direction. Example: When you depress or lower your mandible to open your mouth.

Movement - Elevation:

When a structure moves in a superior direction. Example: When you raise or elevate your mandible to close your mouth.

The more stability a joint has ______

the less mobile.

More mobility a joint has _____

the less stable it is.


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