Unit 02: Lecture & Lab Exam Study Guide
Components/ General Structure of a Synovial Joint:
- Periosteum surrounds outer layer of bone -------- - Joint Capsule: fibrous articular joint capsules + synovial membrane - Synovial fluid inside the joint cavity - Articular cartilages - Joint cavity containing synovial fluid ----------- - Ligament outside of the Periosteum
Classification of Synovial Joints:
- Pivot joint (Ex: Between C1 & C2 vertebrae) - Hinge and Joint (Ex: Elbow) - Saddle Joint (Ex: Between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone) - Plane Joint (Ex: Between tarsal bones
The 6 basic characteristics of diarthroses/synovial joints:
1) An articular/joint capsule 2) The presence of articular cartilage 3) A joint cavity with synovial fluid 4) A synovial membrane 5) Accessory structures: cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae, fat pads) 6) Nerves and blood vessels
Function - range of motion of the joint
1) Diarthrosis: more mobile, less stable 2) Ampiarthrosis: slight mobility, slightly stable 3) Synarthrosis: very little to no mobility, very stable
Basic properties of muscle tissue:
1) Excitability - the ability to respond to stimuli 2) Contractility - the ability to shorten and generate force 3) Extensibility - the ability to stretch beyond original length without tearing 4) Elasticity - the ability to return towards is original length
Structures of the joint:
1) Fibrous: bones connected by dense regular connective tissue 2) Cartilaginous: bones joined by cartilage 3) Synovial: articulating bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity
Which classification of articulation is represented by the articulation between the tibia and fibula? A) synarthrosis B) amphiarthrosis C) diarthrosis D) synovial
Amphiarthrosis
Symphysis (joint structure):
Amphiarthrosis cartilaginous. Example: Pubic synphysis
Syndesmosis (joint structure):
Amphiarthrosis fibrous. Example: Distal articulation between the tibia and fibula
Synovial (joint structure):
Articulating bones separated by fluid-filled cavity.
Fibrous (joint structure):
Bones connected by dense regular connective tissue.
Cartilaginous (joint structure):
Bones joined by cartilage.
Which of the following identifies the type of articulation between the femur and the tibia? A) amphiarthrosis B) synarthrosis C) syndesmosis D) diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Joints (articulations):
Exist wherever two or more bones meet. Bones provide support and mobility - movements are restricted to joints.
Diarthrosis (joint function):
Freely movable joints
Synarthrosis (joint function):
Immovable joints
Movement - Lateral flexion:
Occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side. This movement is more pronounced in the cervical and thoracic regions.
Amphiarthrosis (joint function):
Slightly movable joints
Which of the following identifies the type of articulation between the bones of the skull? A) symphysis B) gomphosis C) syndesmosis D) sutureSuture
Suture
Synchondrosis (joint structure):
Synarthrosis cartilaginous. Examples: cartilage between the ribs and sternum
Gomphosis joints (joint structure):
Synarthrosis fibrous. Example: teeth
Suture (joint structure):
Synarthrosis fibrous. Example: skull sutures
Define excitability in muscle tissue:
The ability to respond to stimuli
Define elasticity in muscle tissue:
The ability to return toward its original length
Define contractility in muscle tissue:
The ability to shorten and generate force
Define extensibility in muscle tissue:
The ability to stretch beyond original length, without tearing
Movement - Depression:
When a structure moves in a inferior direction. Example: When you depress or lower your mandible to open your mouth.
Movement - Elevation:
When a structure moves in a superior direction. Example: When you raise or elevate your mandible to close your mouth.
The more stability a joint has ______
the less mobile.
More mobility a joint has _____
the less stable it is.
