UNIT 1

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

Wilhelm Wundt is best known as the founder of

Structuralism

Research on human mating preferences suggests that men place greater value on physical attractiveness and youthfulness, whereas women place greater value on social status and financial resources. Which of the following psychological points of view best explains this behavior?

Evolutionary

William James is best known as the founder of

Functionalism

Research in the field of positive psychology is most supportive of which of the following conclusions?

Perception of control is related to a sense of well-being.

Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study?

Problem-solving strategies in chess

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Psychoanalytic

What is evolutionary psychology concerned with

mating strategies

Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?

A study of how reinforcement affects learning

Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?

Humanistic

Descartes is best known as the founder of

Rationalism

Cognitive theorists emphasize the

formation and modification of schemas

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

free will

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

Cognitive

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective?

A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

Behaviorism

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Behaviorist

Which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information?

Cognitive

What field of psychology is most appropriate to analyze the efficiency of businesses in their hiring, basic training, and management leadership skills training?

Comparative

Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?

Psychoanalytic

Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of

Sigmund Freud

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

effectiveness of management training

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

conscious experience

Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the

effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances

In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain

perceptual organization

An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for

survival