UNIT 1 for NUTRITION

Functions of fat

Provide energy, body structure, insulation, cushions internal organs, all cells are made with a fatty membrane

Why is the Mediterranean diet considered the most healthy?

Research has shown that the traditional Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of heart disease

What is the first thing you are supposed to look at on a food label?

Serving size

Which type of Nutrition Health Claim is the weakest?

Structure/ Function Claims

What are the three types of nutrient claims?

The Nutrient Contents, Qualified Health Claims, Structure/Function Health Claim

enrichment

The addition of vitamins or minerals to a food

Immune System

The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body

EER (Estimated Energy Requirements)

defines the average amount of energy intake needed to maintain energy balance; if everyone in the population consumed this amount only 50% would obtain enough of the nutrient to meet their requirement

The movement of bolus in the esophagus is which type of digestive movement?

Peristalsis

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 97% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

Recomended Daily Allowance ( RDA )

Muscular System

Supports the body and allows it to move

nutrient content claims

describe the level or amount of a nutrient in food product

Moderation

is the dietary principle of consuming reasonable but not excessive amounts or foods and nutrients.

Variety

is the dietary principle of including a mixture of different food groups and foods within each group. *No food or food group contains every single nutrient needed to be healthy.

Balance

is the dietary principle of providing all of the essential nutrients to maintain health and prevent disease. Limit the amount of saturated fats, sugars, and sodium

inorganic nutrients

minerals and water

acidity of blood

pH 7.4

Scientific Method

part of the overall evidence-based approach to designing nutritional guidelines that are based on facts. Research is key because it helps generate a theory to explain why something is happening.

The role of serving sizes in eating

to allow consumers to understand how much of the packaged food they are eating as well as the calorie content of the recommended serving size.

What is the MAIN function of the digestive system?

to break down food into nutrients the body can use; increases surface area of food to be absorbed

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

What is fortification/enrichment?

Adding extra nutrients to foods that wouldn't have them naturally; in some foods is an attempt to prevent disease.

What are the 11 different systems in the Body?

Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Immune, Integumentary system, Muscular system, Nervous system, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal, Urinary

Both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported via the same system from the small intestine.

False

In an experiment, the placebo is usually administered to the experimental group.

False

Supplement Facts are the same thing as nutrient facts.

False

What are the 3 nutrients that need to be consumed in moderation?

(S.S.S) Sugar, Sodium, Saturated-Fat

portion size of pasta and vegtables

1 cup or a fist

portion size for vegtable oil

1 tablespoon or 'OK' sign

portion size of margarine

1 teaspoon or tip of finger

Endocrine System

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

sphincters

allow food to pass from one organ to the next

What are 4 Nutrition Assesment Techniques?

1.) Historical Information 2.)Anthropnetric Data 3.) Physical Examination 4.) Lab Test

Daily Value for Proteins

10%-35%

Daily Value of Lipids

20%-35%

GI tract length

23 feet long

portion size of protein

3oz or a deck of cards or palm of hand

Daily Value of Carbohydrates

45%-65%

qualified health claims

A bilogical FACT, qualified through RESEARCH, approved by the FDA

Urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

The DRI used to calculate calorie needs for individuals is?

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a calculation based on all of the following except

Ethnicity

According to recent studies, skipping breakfast is an effective way to promote weight loss and provide satiety (satisfaction) throughout the day.

False

The villi regulate the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.

False

factors that influence diet

Income, Time, Medical History, and education.

three acessory Organs

Liver, Pancreas, Gallblader, the LPG in the house

What are the two methods of digestion in human GI system?

Mechanical and Chemical

micronutrients (trace elements)

Minerals & Vitamins

5 organs that make up the digestive tract

Mouth, Esophagus, Large Intestine, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

Which nutrient listed is not required to be included on the Nutrition Facts Panel, according to the currently required Food Labeling laws?

Niacin

2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans purpose

Nutrition and weight status.

All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.

True

Digestion is an external process.

True

Many Americane get 1/2 of the reccomened amount of Vitamin D

True

Passive diffusion occurs when the higher concentration of a nutrient drives its absorption through the walls of the small intestine.

True

The cardiovascular system distributes nutrients through the bloodstream.

True

3 Principles of healthy eating

Variety, Balance, and Moderation

nutrient density

a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food

water

a medium in which ALL body chemistry occurs also heats and fuels our bodies

enzyme

a protein that changes the rate of chemical reactions

Acids

are compounds that produce hydrogen (H+) ions in solution.

Bases

are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

function of pancreas

bicarbonate the neutralizes acids, produces insulin

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

catabolism

breaking down molecules

Digestive System

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

anabolism

building up molecules

macronutrients

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water

organic nutrients

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins

Nervous System

controls sensation, thought, movement, and virtually all other body activities

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

empty calories

Vitamins

enables enzymes and enable chemical reactions

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

encompass a variety of daily energy and nutrient intake standards that nutrition experts in the U. S. use when making dietary recommendations.

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

The ___________ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during swallowing.

epiglottis

The principle of proportionality in MyPlate refers to

showing the relative proportion of foods in a healthy diet.

list of ingredient are from

heavy to light

minerals

help to run the body enables enzymes and reactions to occur

What are the Fruits and Veggies More Matters Campaign?

is a campaign designed to promote eating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables.

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

is the average amount of a nutrient that will most likely not cause any toxicity symptoms.

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)

meets the nutrient needs of nearly all (~98%) of healthy people

pH

mesure of acidity or alkilinity of a solution.

essential nutrients

nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food

nonessential nutrients

nutrients that can be made by the body but can also be absorbed

conditionally essential nutrients

nutrients that must be supplied to the body only under special conditions such as stress, illness, or aging

Reproductive system function

produce offspring

function of liver

produces bile

Integumentary system

protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis,

In conducting experimental research, the purpose of having a control group is to

provide a standard for comparison with the treated group.

functions of carbs

provide energy, mostly used to "fuel" the body primarily to the brain and nervous system, but muscles as well

Skeletal System

provides structure to body and protects internal organs

structural/functional claim

refers to health claim that do not require approval but must notify the FDA.

Function of vitamins and minerals

regulation of body processes (chemical reactions)

Quantitative Research

research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form

Qualitative Research

research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data

segmentation

sloshes food back and forth in both directions promoting further mixing of the chyme

TUL or UL (Tolerable Upper Limit)

standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily

function of gallbladder

stores bile

Respiratory System

takes in oxygen and releases waste gases

3 conditions that must exist for an enzymatic action to occur

temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration

mastication

the act of chewing

fortification

the addition of a required dietary component to a food that it doesn't usually have.

metabolism

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

DV% (Daily Value)

the quantity of a specific nutrient that an individual should consume per day based on a 2000 cal diet.

food labels are required to contain

the total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, protein, vitamins, Vitamin C, as well as calcium and Iron

Circulatory System

transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells and carries away wastes

function of proteins

used to "build" the body, but also defends and runs the body, development, and repair of all body tissues, provides structure and support