UNIT 1 for NUTRITION
Functions of fat
Provide energy, body structure, insulation, cushions internal organs, all cells are made with a fatty membrane
Why is the Mediterranean diet considered the most healthy?
Research has shown that the traditional Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of heart disease
What is the first thing you are supposed to look at on a food label?
Serving size
Which type of Nutrition Health Claim is the weakest?
Structure/ Function Claims
What are the three types of nutrient claims?
The Nutrient Contents, Qualified Health Claims, Structure/Function Health Claim
enrichment
The addition of vitamins or minerals to a food
Immune System
The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body
EER (Estimated Energy Requirements)
defines the average amount of energy intake needed to maintain energy balance; if everyone in the population consumed this amount only 50% would obtain enough of the nutrient to meet their requirement
The movement of bolus in the esophagus is which type of digestive movement?
Peristalsis
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 97% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.
Recomended Daily Allowance ( RDA )
Muscular System
Supports the body and allows it to move
nutrient content claims
describe the level or amount of a nutrient in food product
Moderation
is the dietary principle of consuming reasonable but not excessive amounts or foods and nutrients.
Variety
is the dietary principle of including a mixture of different food groups and foods within each group. *No food or food group contains every single nutrient needed to be healthy.
Balance
is the dietary principle of providing all of the essential nutrients to maintain health and prevent disease. Limit the amount of saturated fats, sugars, and sodium
inorganic nutrients
minerals and water
acidity of blood
pH 7.4
Scientific Method
part of the overall evidence-based approach to designing nutritional guidelines that are based on facts. Research is key because it helps generate a theory to explain why something is happening.
The role of serving sizes in eating
to allow consumers to understand how much of the packaged food they are eating as well as the calorie content of the recommended serving size.
What is the MAIN function of the digestive system?
to break down food into nutrients the body can use; increases surface area of food to be absorbed
AMDR
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
What is fortification/enrichment?
Adding extra nutrients to foods that wouldn't have them naturally; in some foods is an attempt to prevent disease.
What are the 11 different systems in the Body?
Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Immune, Integumentary system, Muscular system, Nervous system, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal, Urinary
Both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported via the same system from the small intestine.
False
In an experiment, the placebo is usually administered to the experimental group.
False
Supplement Facts are the same thing as nutrient facts.
False
What are the 3 nutrients that need to be consumed in moderation?
(S.S.S) Sugar, Sodium, Saturated-Fat
portion size of pasta and vegtables
1 cup or a fist
portion size for vegtable oil
1 tablespoon or 'OK' sign
portion size of margarine
1 teaspoon or tip of finger
Endocrine System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
sphincters
allow food to pass from one organ to the next
What are 4 Nutrition Assesment Techniques?
1.) Historical Information 2.)Anthropnetric Data 3.) Physical Examination 4.) Lab Test
Daily Value for Proteins
10%-35%
Daily Value of Lipids
20%-35%
GI tract length
23 feet long
portion size of protein
3oz or a deck of cards or palm of hand
Daily Value of Carbohydrates
45%-65%
qualified health claims
A bilogical FACT, qualified through RESEARCH, approved by the FDA
Urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
The DRI used to calculate calorie needs for individuals is?
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is a calculation based on all of the following except
Ethnicity
According to recent studies, skipping breakfast is an effective way to promote weight loss and provide satiety (satisfaction) throughout the day.
False
The villi regulate the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.
False
factors that influence diet
Income, Time, Medical History, and education.
three acessory Organs
Liver, Pancreas, Gallblader, the LPG in the house
What are the two methods of digestion in human GI system?
Mechanical and Chemical
micronutrients (trace elements)
Minerals & Vitamins
5 organs that make up the digestive tract
Mouth, Esophagus, Large Intestine, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine
Which nutrient listed is not required to be included on the Nutrition Facts Panel, according to the currently required Food Labeling laws?
Niacin
2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans purpose
Nutrition and weight status.
All foods, even less nutritious ones, can be part of a healthy diet as long as they are consumed in moderation.
True
Digestion is an external process.
True
Many Americane get 1/2 of the reccomened amount of Vitamin D
True
Passive diffusion occurs when the higher concentration of a nutrient drives its absorption through the walls of the small intestine.
True
The cardiovascular system distributes nutrients through the bloodstream.
True
3 Principles of healthy eating
Variety, Balance, and Moderation
nutrient density
a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food
water
a medium in which ALL body chemistry occurs also heats and fuels our bodies
enzyme
a protein that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Acids
are compounds that produce hydrogen (H+) ions in solution.
Bases
are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
function of pancreas
bicarbonate the neutralizes acids, produces insulin
A primary function of the digestive system is the
breakdown of food into nutrients.
catabolism
breaking down molecules
Digestive System
breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
anabolism
building up molecules
macronutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
organic nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins
Nervous System
controls sensation, thought, movement, and virtually all other body activities
Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as
empty calories
Vitamins
enables enzymes and enable chemical reactions
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
encompass a variety of daily energy and nutrient intake standards that nutrition experts in the U. S. use when making dietary recommendations.
An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
enzyme
The ___________ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during swallowing.
epiglottis
The principle of proportionality in MyPlate refers to
showing the relative proportion of foods in a healthy diet.
list of ingredient are from
heavy to light
minerals
help to run the body enables enzymes and reactions to occur
What are the Fruits and Veggies More Matters Campaign?
is a campaign designed to promote eating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables.
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
is the average amount of a nutrient that will most likely not cause any toxicity symptoms.
RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)
meets the nutrient needs of nearly all (~98%) of healthy people
pH
mesure of acidity or alkilinity of a solution.
essential nutrients
nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food
nonessential nutrients
nutrients that can be made by the body but can also be absorbed
conditionally essential nutrients
nutrients that must be supplied to the body only under special conditions such as stress, illness, or aging
Reproductive system function
produce offspring
function of liver
produces bile
Integumentary system
protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis,
In conducting experimental research, the purpose of having a control group is to
provide a standard for comparison with the treated group.
functions of carbs
provide energy, mostly used to "fuel" the body primarily to the brain and nervous system, but muscles as well
Skeletal System
provides structure to body and protects internal organs
structural/functional claim
refers to health claim that do not require approval but must notify the FDA.
Function of vitamins and minerals
regulation of body processes (chemical reactions)
Quantitative Research
research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form
Qualitative Research
research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data
segmentation
sloshes food back and forth in both directions promoting further mixing of the chyme
TUL or UL (Tolerable Upper Limit)
standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily
function of gallbladder
stores bile
Respiratory System
takes in oxygen and releases waste gases
3 conditions that must exist for an enzymatic action to occur
temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration
mastication
the act of chewing
fortification
the addition of a required dietary component to a food that it doesn't usually have.
metabolism
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
DV% (Daily Value)
the quantity of a specific nutrient that an individual should consume per day based on a 2000 cal diet.
food labels are required to contain
the total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, protein, vitamins, Vitamin C, as well as calcium and Iron
Circulatory System
transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells and carries away wastes
function of proteins
used to "build" the body, but also defends and runs the body, development, and repair of all body tissues, provides structure and support